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1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

2 The earth was unformed and void, darkness was on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God hovered over the surface of the water.

3 Then God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light.

4 God saw that the light was good, and God divided the light from the darkness.

5 God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. So there was evening, and there was morning, one day.

6 God said, "Let there be a dome in the middle of the water; let it divide the water from the water."

7 God made the dome and divided the water under the dome from the water above the dome; that is how it was,

8 and God called the dome Sky. So there was evening, and there was morning, a second day.

9 God said, "Let the water under the sky be gathered together into one place, and let dry land appear," and that is how it was.

10 God called the dry land Earth, the gathering together of the water he called Seas, and God saw that it was good.

11 God said, "Let the earth put forth grass, seed-producing plants, and fruit trees, each yielding its own kind of seed-bearing fruit, on the earth"; and that is how it was.

12 The earth brought forth grass, plants each yielding its own kind of seed, and trees each producing its own kind of seed-bearing fruit; and God saw that it was good.

13 So there was evening, and there was morning, a third day.

14 God said, "Let there be lights in the dome of the sky to divide the day from the night; let them be for signs, seasons, days and years;

15 and let them be for lights in the dome of the sky to give light to the earth"; and that is how it was.

16 God made the two great lights - the larger light to rule the day and the smaller light to rule the night - and the stars.

17 God put them in the dome of the sky to give light to the earth,

18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness; and God saw that it was good.

19 So there was evening, and there was morning, a fourth day.

20 God said, "Let the water swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open dome of the sky."

21 God created the great sea creatures and every living thing that creeps, so that the water swarmed with all kinds of them, and there was every kind of winged bird; and God saw that it was good.

22 Then God blessed them, saying, "Be fruitful, multiply and fill the water of the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth."

23 So there was evening, and there was morning, a fifth day.

24 God said, "Let the earth bring forth each kind of living creature -each kind of livestock, crawling animal and wild beast"; and that is how it was.

25 God made each kind of wild beast, each kind of livestock and every kind of animal that crawls along the ground; and God saw that it was good.

26 Then God said, "Let us make humankind in our image, in the likeness of ourselves; and let them rule over the fish in the sea, the birds in the air, the animals, and over all the earth, and over every crawling creature that crawls on the earth."

27 So God created humankind in his own image; in the image of God he created him: male and female he created them.

28 God blessed them: God said to them, "Be fruitful, multiply, fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea, the birds in the air and every living creature that crawls on the earth."

29 Then God said, "Here! Throughout the whole earth I am giving you as food every seed-bearing plant and every tree with seed-bearing fruit.

30 And to every wild animal, bird in the air and creature crawling on the earth, in which there is a living soul, I am giving as food every kind of green plant." And that is how it was.

31 God saw everything that he had made, and indeed it was very good. So there was evening, and there was morning, a sixth day.

1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, along with everything in them.

2 On the seventh day God was finished with his work which he had made, so he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.

3 God blessed the seventh day and separated it as holy; because on that day God rested from all his work which he had created, so that it itself could produce.

4 Here is the history of the heavens and the earth when they were created. On the day when ADONAI, God, made earth and heaven,

5 there was as yet no wild bush on the earth, and no wild plant had as yet sprung up; for ADONAI, God, had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no one to cultivate the ground.

6 Rather, a mist went up from the earth which watered the entire surface of the ground.

7 Then ADONAI, God, formed a person [Hebrew: adam] from the dust of the ground [Hebrew: adamah] and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, so that he became a living being.

8 ADONAI, God, planted a garden toward the east, in 'Eden, and there he put the person whom he had formed.

9 Out of the ground ADONAI, God, caused to grow every tree pleasing in appearance and good for food, including the tree of life in the middle of the garden and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

10 A river went out of 'Eden to water the garden, and from there it divided into four streams.

11 The name of the first is Pishon; it winds throughout the land of Havilah, where there is gold.

12 The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx stone are also found there.

13 The name of the second river is Gichon; it winds throughout the land of Kush.

14 The name of the third river is Tigris; it is the one that flows toward the east of Ashur. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

15 ADONAI, God, took the person and put him in the garden of 'Eden to cultivate and care for it.

16 ADONAI, God, gave the person this order: "You may freely eat from every tree in the garden

17 except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. You are not to eat from it, because on the day that you eat from it, it will become certain that you will die."

18 ADONAI, God, said, "It isn't good that the person should be alone. I will make for him a companion suitable for helping him."

19 So from the ground ADONAI, God, formed every wild animal and every bird that flies in the air, and he brought them to the person to see what he would call them. Whatever the person would call each living creature, that was to be its name.

20 So the person gave names to all the livestock, to the birds in the air and to every wild animal. But for Adam there was not found a companion suitable for helping him.

21 Then God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the person; and while he was sleeping, he took one of his ribs and closed up the place from which he took it with flesh.

22 The rib which ADONAI, God, had taken from the person, he made a woman-person; and he brought her to the man-person.

23 The man-person said, "At last! This is bone from my bones and flesh from my flesh. She is to be called Woman [Hebrew: ishah], because she was taken out of Man [Hebrew: ish]."

24 This is why a man is to leave his father and mother and stick with his wife, and they are to be one flesh.

25 They were both naked, the man and his wife, and they were not ashamed.

1 Now the serpent was more crafty than any wild animal which ADONAI, God, had made. He said to the woman, "Did God really say, 'You are not to eat from any tree in the garden'?"

2 The woman answered the serpent, "We may eat from the fruit of the trees of the garden,

3 but about the fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden God said, 'You are neither to eat from it nor touch it, or you will die.'"

4 The serpent said to the woman, "It is not true that you will surely die;

5 because God knows that on the day you eat from it, your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil."

6 When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, that it had a pleasing appearance and that the tree was desirable for making one wise, she took some of its fruit and ate. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her; and he ate.

7 Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they realized that they were naked. So they sewed fig leaves together to make themselves loincloths.

8 They heard the voice of ADONAI, God, walking in the garden at the time of the evening breeze, so the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of ADONAI, God, among the trees in the garden.

9 ADONAI, God, called to the man, "Where are you?"

10 He answered, "I heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked, so I hid myself."

11 He said, "Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree from which I ordered you not to eat?"

12 The man replied, "The woman you gave to be with me - she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate."

13 ADONAI, God, said to the woman, "What is this you have done?" The woman answered, "The serpent tricked me, so I ate."

14 ADONAI, God, said to the serpent, "Because you have done this, you are cursed more than all livestock and wild animals. You will crawl on your belly and eat dust as long as you live.

15 I will put animosity between you and the woman, and between your descendant and her descendant; he will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel."

16 To the woman he said, "I will greatly increase your pain in childbirth. You will bring forth children in pain. Your desire will be toward your husband, but he will rule over you."

17 To Adam he said, "Because you listened to what your wife said and ate from the tree about which I gave you the order, 'You are not to eat from it,' the ground is cursed on your account; you will work hard to eat from it as long as you live.

18 It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat field plants.

19 You will eat bread by the sweat of your forehead till you return to the ground - for you were taken out of it: you are dust, and you will return to dust."

20 The man called his wife Havah [life], because she was the mother of all living.

21 ADONAI, God, made garments of skin for Adam and his wife and clothed them.

22 ADONAI, God, said, "See, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil. Now, to prevent his putting out his hand and taking also from the tree of life, eating, and living forever -"

23 therefore ADONAI, God, sent him out of the garden of 'Eden to cultivate the ground from which he was taken.

24 So he drove the man out, and he placed at the east of the garden of 'Eden the k'ruvim and a flaming sword which turned in every direction to guard the way to the tree of life.

1 The man had sexual relations with Havah his wife; she conceived, gave birth to Kayin [acquisition] and said, "I have acquired a man from ADONAI."

2 In addition she gave birth to his brother Hevel. Hevel kept sheep, while Kayin worked the soil.

3 In the course of time Kayin brought an offering to ADONAI from the produce of the soil;

4 and Hevel too brought from the firstborn of his sheep, including their fat. ADONAI accepted Hevel and his offering

5 but did not accept Kayin and his offering. Kayin was very angry, and his face fell.

6 ADONAI said to Kayin, "Why are you angry? Why so downcast?

7 If you are doing what is good, shouldn't you hold your head high? And if you don't do what is good, sin is crouching at the door - it wants you, but you can rule over it."

8 Kayin had words with Hevel his brother; then one time, when they were in the field, Kayin turned on Hevel his brother and killed him.

9 ADONAI said to Kayin, "Where is Hevel your brother?"And he replied, "I don't know; am I my brother's guardian?"

10 He said, "What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood is crying out to me from the ground!

11 Now you are cursed from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood at your hands.

12 When you farm the ground it will no longer yield its strength to you. You will be a fugitive, wandering the earth."

13 Kayin said to ADONAI, "My punishment is greater than I can bear.

14 You are banning me today from the land and from your presence. I will be a fugitive wandering the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me."

15 ADONAI answered him, "Therefore, whoever kills Kayin will receive vengeance sevenfold," and ADONAI put a sign on Kayin, so that no one who found him would kill him.

16 So Kayin left the presence of ADONAI and lived in the land of Nod [wandering], east of 'Eden.

17 Kayin had sexual relations with his wife; she conceived and gave birth to Hanokh. Kayin built a city and named the city after his son Hanokh.

18 To Hanokh was born 'Irad. 'Irad fathered Mechuya'el, Mechuya'el fathered Metusha'el, and Metusha'el fathered Lemekh.

19 Lemekh took himself two wives; the name of the one was 'Adah, while the name of the other was Tzilah.

20 'Adah gave birth to Yaval; he was the ancestor of those who live in tents and have cattle.

21 His brother's name was Yuval; and he was the ancestor of all who play lyre and flute.

22 Tzilah gave birth to Tuval-Kayin, who forged all kinds of tools from brass and iron; the sister of Tuval-Kayin was Na'amah.

23 Lemekh said to his wives, "'Adah and Tzilah, listen to me; wives of Lemekh, hear what I say: I killed a man for wounding me, a young man who injured me.

24 If Kayin will be avenged sevenfold, then Lemekh seventy-sevenfold!"

25 Adam again had sexual relations with his wife, and she gave birth to a son whom she named Shet [granted], "For God has granted me another seed in place of Hevel, since Kayin killed him."

26 To Shet too was born a son, whom he called Enosh. That is when people began to call on the name of ADONAI.

1 Here is the genealogy of Adam. On the day that God created man he made him in the likeness of God;

2 he created them male and female; he blessed them and called them Adam [humankind, man] on the day they were created.

3 After Adam lived 130 years he fathered a son like himself and named him Shet.

4 After Shet was born, Adam lived another 800 years and had both sons and daughters.

5 In all, Adam lived 930 years, and then he died.

6 Shet lived 105 years and fathered Enosh.

7 After Enosh was born, Shet lived another 807 years and had sons and daughters.

8 In all, Shet lived 912 years; then he died.

9 Enosh lived ninety years and fathered Kenan.

10 After Kenan was born, Enosh lived another 815 years and had sons and daughters.

11 In all, Enosh lived 905 years; then he died.

12 Kenan lived seventy years and fathered Mahalal'el.

13 After Mahalal'el was born, Kenan lived another 840 years and had sons and daughters.

14 In all, Kenan lived 910 years; then he died.

15 Mahalal'el lived sixty-five years and fathered Yered.

16 After Yered was born, Mahalal'el lived another 830 years and had sons and daughters.

17 In all, Mahalal'el lived 895 years; then he died.

18 Yered lived 162 years and fathered Hanokh.

19 After Hanokh was born, Yered lived 800 years and had sons and daughters.

20 In all, Yered lived 962 years; then he died.

21 Hanokh lived sixty-five years and fathered Metushelach.

22 After Metushelach was born, Hanokh walked with God 300 years and had sons and daughters.

23 In all, Hanokh lived 365 years.

24 Hanokh walked with God, and then he wasn't there, because God took him.

25 Metushelach lived 187 years and fathered Lemekh.

26 After Lemekh was born, Metushelach lived 782 years and had sons and daughters.

27 In all, Metushelach lived 969 years; then he died.

28 Lemekh lived 182 years and fathered a son,

29 whom he called Noach [restful]; for he said, "This one will comfort us in our labor, in the hard work we do with our hands [to get what comes] from the ground that ADONAI cursed."

30 After Noach was born, Lemekh lived 595 years and had sons and daughters.

31 In all, Lemekh lived 777 years; then he died.

32 Noach was 500 years old; and Noach fathered Shem, Ham and Yefet.

1 In time, when men began to multiply on earth, and daughters were born to them,

2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were attractive; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose.

3 ADONAI said, "My Spirit will not live in human beings forever, for they too are flesh; therefore their life span is to be 120 years."

4 The N'filim were on the earth in those days, and also afterwards, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of men, and they bore children to them; these were the ancient heroes, men of renown.

5 ADONAI saw that the people on earth were very wicked, that all the imaginings of their hearts were always of evil only.

6 ADONAI regretted that he had made humankind on the earth; it grieved his heart.

7 ADONAI said, "I will wipe out humankind, whom I have created, from the whole earth; and not only human beings, but animals, creeping things and birds in the air; for I regret that I ever made them."

8 But Noach found grace in the sight of ADONAI.

9 Here is the history of Noach. In his generation, Noach was a man righteous and wholehearted; Noach walked with God.

10 Noach fathered three sons, Shem, Ham and Yefet.

11 The earth was corrupt before God, the earth was filled with violence.

12 God saw the earth, and, yes, it was corrupt; for all living beings had corrupted their ways on the earth.

13 God said to Noach, "The end of all living beings has come before me, for because of them the earth is filled with violence. I will destroy them along with the earth.

14 Make yourself an ark of gofer-wood; you are to make the ark with rooms and cover it with pitch both outside and inside.

15 Here is how you are to build it: the length of the ark is to be 450 feet, its width seventy-five feet and its height forty-five feet.

16 You are to make an opening for daylight in the ark eighteen inches below its roof. Put a door in its side; and build it with lower, second and third decks.

17 "Then I myself will bring the flood of water over the earth to destroy from under heaven every living thing that breathes; everything on earth will be destroyed.

18 But I will establish my covenant with you; you will come into the ark, you, your sons, your wife and your sons' wives with you.

19 "From everything living, from each kind of living being, you are to bring two into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they are to be male and female.

20 Of each kind of bird, each kind of livestock, and each kind of animal creeping on the ground, two are to come to you, so that they can be kept alive.

21 Also take from all the kinds of food that are eaten, and collect it for yourself; it is to be food for you and for them."

22 This is what Noach did; he did all that God ordered him to do.

1 ADONAI said to Noach, "Come into the ark, you and all your household; for I have seen that you alone in this generation are righteous before me.

2 Of every clean animal you are to take seven couples, and of the animals that are not clean, one couple;

3 also of the birds in the air take seven couples - in order to preserve their species throughout the earth.

4 For in seven more days I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days and forty nights; I will wipe out every living thing that I have made from the face of the earth."

5 Noach did all that ADONAI ordered him to do.

6 Noach was 600 years old when the water flooded the earth.

7 Noach went into the ark with his sons, his wife and his sons' wives, because of the floodwaters.

8 Of clean animals, of animals that are not clean, of birds, and of everything that creeps on the ground,

9 couples, male and female, went in to Noach in the ark, as God had ordered Noach.

10 After seven days the water flooded the earth.

11 On the seventeenth day of the second month of the 600th year of Noach's life all the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of the sky were opened.

12 It rained on the earth forty days and forty nights.

13 On that same day Noach entered the ark with Shem, Ham and Yefet the sons of Noach, Noach's wife and the three wives of his sons accompanying them;

14 they, and every animal of every species, all the livestock of every species, every animal that creeps on the ground of every species, and every bird of every species - all sorts of winged creatures.

15 They went in to Noach in the ark, couples from every kind of living thing that breathes.

16 Those that entered went in, male and female, from every kind of living being, as God had ordered him; and ADONAI shut him inside.

17 The flood was forty days on the earth; the water grew higher and floated the ark, so that it was lifted up off the earth.

18 The water overflowed the earth and grew deeper, until the ark floated on the surface of the water.

19 The water overpowered the earth mightily; all the high mountains under the entire sky were covered;

20 the water covered the mountains by more than twenty-two-and-a-half feet.

21 All living beings that moved on the earth perished - birds, livestock, other animals, insects, and every human being,

22 everything in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life; whatever was on dry land died.

23 He wiped out every living thing on the surface of the ground - not only human beings, but livestock, creeping animals and birds in the air. They were wiped out from the earth; only Noach was left, along with those who were with him in the ark.

24 The water held power over the earth for 150 days.

1 God remembered Noach, every living thing and all the livestock with him in the ark; so God caused a wind to pass over the earth, and the water began to go down.

2 Also the fountains of the deep and the windows of the sky were stopped, the rain from the sky was restrained,

3 and the water came back from completely covering the earth. It was after 150 days that the water went down.

4 On the seventeenth day of the seventh month the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat.

5 The water kept going down until the tenth month; on the first day of the tenth month the tops of the mountains were seen.

6 After forty days Noach opened the window of the ark which he had built;

7 and he sent out a raven, which flew back and forth until the water had dried up from the earth.

8 Then he sent out a dove, to see if the water had gone from the surface of the ground.

9 But the dove found no place for her feet to rest, so she returned to him in the ark, because the water still covered the whole earth. He put out his hand, took her and brought her in to him in the ark.

10 He waited another seven days and again sent the dove out from the ark.

11 The dove came in to him in the evening, and there in her mouth was a freshly plucked olive leaf, so Noach knew that the water had cleared from the earth.

12 He waited yet another seven days and sent out the dove, and she didn't return to him any more.

13 By the first day of the first month of the 601st year the water had dried up from off the earth; so Noach removed the covering of the ark and looked; and, yes, the surface of the ground was dry.

14 It was on the twenty-seventh day of the second month that the earth was dry.

15 God said to Noach,

16 "Go out from the ark, you, your wife, your sons and your son's wives with you.

17 Bring out with you every living thing you have with you - birds, livestock and every animal that creeps on the earth - so that they can swarm on the earth, be fruitful and multiply on the earth."

18 So Noach went out with his sons, his wife and his sons' wives;

19 every animal, every creeping thing and every bird, whatever moves on the earth, according to their families, went out of the ark.

20 Noach built an altar to ADONAI. Then he took from every clean animal and every clean bird, and he offered burnt offerings on the altar.

21 ADONAI smelled the sweet aroma, and ADONAI said in his heart, "I will never again curse the ground because of humankind, since the imaginings of a person's heart are evil from his youth; nor will I ever again destroy all living things, as I have done.

22 So long as the earth exists, sowing time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease."

1 God blessed Noach and his sons and said to them, "Be fruitful, multiply and fill the earth.

2 The fear and dread of you will be upon every wild animal, every bird in the air, every creature populating the ground, and all the fish in the sea; they have been handed over to you.

3 Every moving thing that lives will be food for you; just as I gave you green plants before, so now I give you everything -

4 only flesh with its life, which is its blood, you are not to eat.

5 I will certainly demand an accounting for the blood of your lives: I will demand it from every animal and from every human being. I will demand from every human being an accounting for the life of his fellow human being.

6 Whoever sheds human blood, by a human being will his own blood be shed; for God made human beings in his image.

7 And you people, be fruitful, multiply, swarm on the earth and multiply on it."

8 God spoke to Noach and his sons with him; he said,

9 "As for me - I am herewith establishing my covenant with you, with your descendants after you,

10 and with every living creature that is with you - the birds, the livestock and every wild animal with you, all going out of the ark, every animal on earth.

11 I will establish my covenant with you that never again will all living beings be destroyed by the waters of a flood, and there will never again be a flood to destroy the earth."

12 God added, "Here is the sign of the covenant I am making between myself and you and every living creature with you, for all generations to come:

13 I am putting my rainbow in the cloud - it will be there as a sign of the covenant between myself and the earth.

14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth, and the rainbow is seen in the cloud;

15 I will remember my covenant which is between myself and you and every living creature of any kind; and the water will never again become a flood to destroy all living beings.

16 The rainbow will be in the cloud; so that when I look at it, I will remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of any kind on the earth."

17 God said to Noach, "This is the sign of the covenant which I have established between myself and every living creature on the earth."

18 The sons of Noach who went out from the ark were Shem, Ham and Yefet. Ham is the father of Kena'an.

19 These three were the sons of Noach, and the whole earth was populated by them.

20 Noach, a farmer, was the first to plant a vineyard.

21 He drank so much of the wine that he got drunk and lay uncovered in his tent.

22 Ham, the father of Kena'an, saw his father shamefully exposed, went out and told his two brothers.

23 Shem and Yefet took a cloak, put it over both their shoulders, and, walking backward, went in and covered their naked father. Their faces were turned away, so that they did not see their father lying there shamefully exposed.

24 When Noach awoke from his wine, he knew what his youngest son had done to him.

25 He said, "Cursed be Kena'an; he will be a servant of servants to his brothers."

26 Then he said, "Blessed be ADONAI, the God of Shem; Kena'an will be their servant.

27 May God enlarge Yefet; he will live in the tents of Shem, but Kena'an will be their servant."

28 After the flood Noach lived 350 years.

29 In all, Noach lived 950 years; then he died.

1 Here is the genealogy of the sons of Noach - Shem, Ham and Yefet; sons were born to them after the flood.

2 The sons of Yefet were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Yavan, Tuval, Meshekh and Tiras.

3 The sons of Gomer were Ashkenaz, Rifat and Togarmah.

4 The sons of Yavan were Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim and Dodanim.

5 From these the islands of the nations were divided into their lands, each according to its language, according to their families, in their nations.

6 The sons of Ham were Kush, Mitzrayim, Put and Kena'an.

7 The sons of Kush were S'va, Havilah, Savta, Ra'mah and Savt'kha. The sons of Ra'mah were Sh'va and D'dan.

8 Kush fathered Nimrod, who was the first powerful ruler on earth.

9 He was a mighty hunter before ADONAI- this is why people say, "Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before ADONAI."

10 His kingdom began with Bavel, Erekh, Akkad and Kalneh, in the land of Shin'ar.

11 Ashur went out from that land and built Ninveh, the city Rechovot, Kelach,

12 and Resen between Ninveh and Kelach - that one is the great city.

13 Mitzrayim fathered the Ludim, the 'Anamim, the L'havim, the Naftuchim,

14 the Patrusim, the Kasluchim (from whom came the P'lishtim) and the Kaftorim.

15 Kena'an fathered Tzidon his firstborn, Het,

16 the Y'vusi, the Emori, the Girgashi,

17 the Hivi, the 'Arki, the Sini,

18 the Arvadi, the Tz'mari and the Hamati. Afterwards, the families of the Kena'ani were dispersed.

19 The border of the Kena'ani was from Tzidon, as you go toward G'rar, to 'Azah; as you go toward S'dom, 'Amora, Admah and Tzvoyim, to Lesha.

20 These were the descendants of Ham, according to their families and languages, in their lands and in their nations.

21 Children were also born to Shem, ancestor of all the descendants of 'Ever and older brother of Yefet.

22 The sons of Shem were'Elam, Ashur, Arpakhshad, Lud and Aram.

23 The sons of Aram were 'Utz, Hul, Geter and Mash.

24 Arpakhshad fathered Shelach, and Shelach fathered 'Ever.

25 To 'Ever were born two sons. One was given the name Peleg [division], because during his lifetime the earth was divided. His brother's name was Yoktan.

26 Yoktan fathered Almodad, Shelef, Hatzar-Mavet, Yerach,

27 Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,

28 'Oval, Avima'el, Sheva,

29 Ofir, Havilah and Yovav - all these were the sons of Yoktan.

30 Their territory stretched from Mesha, as you go toward S'far, to the mountain in the east.

31 These were the descendants of Shem, according to their families and languages, in their lands and in their nations.

32 These were the families of the sons of Noach, according to their generations, in their nations. From these the nations of the earth were divided up after the flood.

1 The whole earth used the same language, the same words.

2 It came about that as they traveled from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shin'ar and lived there.

3 They said to one another, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them in the fire." So they had bricks for building-stone and clay for mortar.

4 Then they said, "Come, let's build ourselves a city with a tower that has its top reaching up into heaven, so that we can make a name for ourselves and not be scattered all over the earth."

5 ADONAI came down to see the city and the tower the people were building.

6 ADONAI said, "Look, the people are united, they all have a single language, and see what they're starting to do! At this rate, nothing they set out to accomplish will be impossible for them!

7 Come, let's go down and confuse their language, so that they won't understand each other's speech."

8 So from there ADONAI scattered them all over the earth, and they stopped building the city.

9 For this reason it is called Bavel [confusion] - because there ADONAI confused the language of the whole earth, and from there ADONAI scattered them all over the earth.

10 Here is the genealogy of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he fathered Arpakhshad two years after the flood.

11 After Arpakhshad was born, Shem lived another 500 years and had sons and daughters.

12 Arpakhshad lived thirty-five years and fathered Shelach.

13 After Shelach was born, Arpakhshad lived another 403 years and had sons and daughters.

14 Shelach lived thirty years and fathered 'Ever.

15 After 'Ever was born, Shelach lived another 403 years and had sons and daughters.

16 'Ever lived thirty-four years and fathered Peleg.

17 After Peleg was born, 'Ever lived another 430 years and had sons and daughters.

18 Peleg lived thirty years and fathered Re'u.

19 After Re'u was born, Peleg lived another 209 years and had sons and daughters.

20 Re'u lived thirty-two years and fathered S'rug.

21 After S'rug was born, Re'u lived another 207 years and had sons and daughters.

22 S'rug lived thirty years and fathered Nachor.

23 After Nachor was born, S'rug lived another 200 years and had sons and daughters.

24 Nachor lived twenty-nine years and fathered Terach.

25 After Terach was born, Nachor lived another 119 years and had sons and daughters.

26 Terach lived seventy years and fathered Avram, Nachor and Haran.

27 Here is the genealogy of Terach. Terach fathered Avram, Nachor and Haran; and Haran fathered Lot.

28 Haran died before his father Terach in the land where he was born, in Ur of the Kasdim.

29 Then Avram and Nachor took wives for themselves. The name of Avram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nachor's wife was Milkah the daughter of Haran. He was the father of Milkah and of Yiskah.

30 Sarai was barren - she had no child.

31 Terach took his son Avram, his son Haran's son Lot, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Avram's wife; and they left Ur of the Kasdim to go to the land of Kena'an. But when they came to Haran, they stayed there.

32 Terach lived 205 years, and he died in Haran.

1 Now ADONAI said to Avram, "Get yourself out of your country, away from your kinsmen and away from your father's house, and go to the land that I will show you.

2 I will make of you a great nation, I will bless you, and I will make your name great; and you are to be a blessing.

3 I will bless those who bless you, but I will curse anyone who curses you; and by you all the families of the earth will be blessed."

4 So Avram went, as ADONAI had said to him, and Lot went with him. Avram was 75 years old when he left Haran.

5 Avram took his wife Sarai, his brother's son Lot, and all their possessions which they had accumulated, as well as the people they had acquired in Haran; then they set out for the land of Kena'an and entered the land of Kena'an.

6 Avram passed through the land to the place called Sh'khem, to the oak of Moreh. The Kena'ani were then in the land.

7 ADONAI appeared to Avram and said, "To your descendants I will give this land." So he built an altar there to ADONAI, who had appeared to him.

8 He left that place, went to the hill east of Beit-El and pitched his tent. With Beit-El to the west and 'Ai to the east, he built an altar there and called on the name of ADONAI.

9 Then Avram traveled on, continuing toward the Negev.

10 But there was a famine in the land, so Avram went down into Egypt to stay there, because the famine in the land was severe.

11 When he came close to Egypt and was about to enter, he said to Sarai his wife, "Here now, I know that you are a good-looking woman;

12 so that when the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'This is his wife,' and kill me but keep you alive.

13 Please say that you are my sister, so that it will go well with me for your sake, and so that I will stay alive because of you."

14 When Avram entered Egypt, the Egyptians did notice that the woman was very beautiful.

15 Pharaoh's princes saw her and commended her to Pharaoh, so the woman was taken into Pharaoh's house.

16 He treated Avram well for her sake, giving him sheep, cattle, male and female donkeys, male and female slaves, and camels.

17 But ADONAI inflicted great plagues on Pharaoh and his household because of Sarai Avram's wife.

18 Pharaoh called Avram and said, "What is this that you have done to me? Why didn't you tell me that she was your wife?

19 Why did you say, 'She is my sister,' so that I took her to be my own wife? Now therefore, here is your wife! Take her, and go away!"

20 So Pharaoh gave orders concerning him to his men, and they sent him on his way with his wife and everything he had.

1 Avram went up from Egypt - he, his wife and everything he had, and Lot with him - into the Negev.

2 Avram became wealthy, with much cattle, silver and gold.

3 As he went on his travels from the Negev, he came to Beit-El, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Beit-El and 'Ai,

4 where he had first built the altar; and there Avram called on the name of ADONAI.

5 Lot, who was traveling with Avram, also had flocks, herds and tents.

6 But the land could not support their living together, because their possessions were too great for them to remain together.

7 Moreover, quarreling arose between Avram's and Lot's herdsmen. The Kena'ani and the P'rizi were then living in the land.

8 Avram said to Lot, "Please, let's not have quarreling between me and you, or between my herdsmen and yours, since we're kinsmen.

9 Isn't the whole land there in front of you? Please separate yourself from me - if you go to the left, I will go to the right; if you go to the right, I will go to the left."

10 Lot looked up and saw that the whole plain of the Yarden was well watered everywhere, before ADONAI destroyed S'dom and 'Amora, like the garden of ADONAI, like the land of Egypt in the direction of Tzo'ar.

11 So Lot chose all the plain of the Yarden for himself, and Lot traveled eastward; thus they separated themselves from each other.

12 Avram lived in the land of Kena'an; and Lot lived in the cities of the plain, setting up his tent near S'dom.

13 Now the men of S'dom were evil, committing great sins against ADONAI.

14 ADONAI said to Avram, after Lot had moved away from him, "Look all around you from where you are, to the north, the south, the east and the west.

15 All the land you see I will give to you and your descendants forever,

16 and I will make your descendants as numerous as the specks of dust on the earth - so that if a person can count the specks of dust on the earth, then your descendants can be counted.

17 Get up and walk through the length and breadth of the land, because I will give it to you."

18 Avram moved his tent and came to live by the oaks of Mamre, which are in Hevron. There he built an altar to ADONAI.

1 When Amrafel was king of Shin'ar, Aryokh king of Elasar, K'dorla'omer king of 'Elam and Tid'al king of Goyim;

2 they made war together against Bera king of S'dom and against Birsha king of 'Amora, Shin'av king of Admah, Shem'ever king of Tzvoyim, and the king of Bela (which is the same as Tzo'ar).

3 All the latter kings joined forces in the Siddim Valley, where the Dead Sea is.

4 They had served K'dorla'omer twelve years, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.

5 In the fourteenth year K'dorla'omer and the kings with him came and defeated the Refa'im in 'Asht'rot-Karnayim, the Zuzim in Ham, the Eimim in Shaveh-Kiryatayim

6 and the Hori at Se'ir, their mountain, all the way to Eil-Pa'ran by the desert.

7 Next they turned back, came to 'Ein-Mishpat (which is the same as Kadesh), and defeated all the country of the 'Amaleki, and also the Emori, who lived in Hatzatzon-Tamar.

8 Then the kings of S'dom, 'Amora, Admah, Tzvoyim and Bela (that is, Tzo'ar) came out and arrayed themselves for battle in the Siddim Valley

9 against K'dorla'omer king of 'Elam, Tid'al king of Goyim, Amrafel king of Admah and Aryokh king of Elasar, four kings against the five.

10 Now the Siddim Valley was full of clay pits; and when the kings of S'dom and 'Amora fled, some fell into them; while the rest fled to the hills.

11 The victors took all the possessions of S'dom and 'Amora and all their food supply; then they left.

12 But as they left, they took Lot, Avram's brother's son, and his possessions; since he was living in S'dom.

13 Someone who had escaped came and told Avram the Hebrew, who was living by the oaks of Mamre the Emori, brother of Eshkol and brother of 'Aner; all of them allies of Avram.

14 When Avram heard that his nephew had been taken captive, he led out his trained men, who had been born in his house, 318 of them, and went in pursuit as far as Dan.

15 During the night he and his servants divided his forces against them, then attacked and pursued them all the way to Hovah, north of Dammesek.

16 He recovered all the goods and brought back his nephew Lot with his goods, together with the women and the other people.

17 After his return from slaughtering K'dorla'omer and the kings with him, the king of S'dom went out to meet him in the Shaveh Valley, also known as the King's Valley.

18 Malki-Tzedek king of Shalem brought out bread and wine. He was cohen of El 'Elyon [God Most High],

19 so he blessed him with these words: "Blessed be Avram by El 'Elyon, maker of heaven of earth.

20 and blessed be El 'Elyon, who handed your enemies over to you." Avram gave him a tenth of everything.

21 The king of S'dom said to Avram, "Give me the people, and keep the goods for yourself."

22 But Avram answered the king of S'dom, "I have raised my hand in an oath to ADONAI, El 'Elyon, maker of heaven and earth,

23 that I will not take so much as a thread or a sandal thong of anything that is yours; so that you won't be able to say, 'I made Avram rich.'

24 I will take only what my troops have eaten and the share of the spoil belonging to the men who came with me -'Aner, Eshkol and Mamre; let them have their share."

1 Some time later the word of ADONAI came to Avram in a vision: "Don't be afraid, Avram. I am your protector; your reward will be very great."

2 Avram replied, "ADONAI, God, what good will your gifts be to me if I continue childless; and Eli'ezer from Dammesek inherits my possessions?

3 You haven't given me a child," Avram continued, "so someone born in my house will be my heir."

4 But the word of ADONAI came to him: "This man will not be your heir. No, your heir will be a child from your own body."

5 Then he brought him outside and said, "Look up at the sky, and count the stars - if you can count them! Your descendants will be that many!"

6 He believed in ADONAI, and he credited it to him as righteousness.

7 Then he said to him, "I am ADONAI, who brought you out from Ur-Kasdim to give you this land as your possession."

8 He replied, "ADONAI, God, how am I to know that I will possess it?"

9 He answered him, "Bring me a three-year-old cow, a three-year-old female goat, a three-year-old ram, a dove and a young pigeon."

10 He brought him all these, cut the animals in two and placed the pieces opposite each other; but he didn't cut the birds in half.

11 Birds of prey swooped down on the carcasses, but Avram drove them away.

12 As the sun was about to set, a deep sleep fell on Avram; horror and great darkness came over him.

13 ADONAI said to Avram, "Know this for certain: your descendants will be foreigners in a land that is not theirs. They will be slaves and held in oppression there four hundred years.

14 But I will also judge that nation, the one that makes them slaves. Afterwards, they will leave with many possessions.

15 As for you, you will join your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age.

16 Only in the fourth generation will your descendants come back here, because only then will the Emori be ripe for punishment."

17 After the sun had set and there was thick darkness, a smoking fire pot and a flaming torch appeared, which passed between these animal parts.

18 That day ADONAI made a covenant with Avram: "I have given this land to your descendants - from the Vadi of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River -

19 the territory of the Keni, the K'nizi, the Kadmoni,

20 the Hitti, the P'rizi, the Refa'im,

21 the Emori, the Kena'ani, the Girgashi and the Y'vusi."

1 Now Sarai Avram's wife had not borne him a child. But she had an Egyptian slave-girl named Hagar;

2 so Sarai said to Avram, "Here now, ADONAI has kept me from having children; so go in and sleep with my slave-girl. Maybe I'll be able to have children through her."Avram listened to what Sarai said.

3 It was after Avram had lived ten years in the land of Kena'an that Sarai Avram's wife took Hagar the Egyptian, her slave-girl, and gave her to Avram her husband to be his wife.

4 Avram had sexual relations with Hagar, and she conceived. But when she became aware that she was pregnant, she looked on her mistress with contempt.

5 Sarai said to Avram, "This outrage being done to me is your fault! True, I gave my slave-girl to you to sleep with; but when she saw that she was pregnant, she began holding me in contempt. May ADONAI decide who is right - I or you!"

6 However, Avram answered Sarai, "Look, she's your slave-girl. Deal with her as you think fit."Then Sarai treated her so harshly that she ran away from her.

7 The angel of ADONAI found her by a spring in the desert, the spring on the road to Shur,

8 and said, "Hagar! Sarai's slave-girl! Where have you come from, and where are you going?" She answered, "I'm running away from my mistress Sarai."

9 The angel of ADONAI said to her, "Go back to your mistress, and submit to her authority."

10 The angel of ADONAI said to her, "I will greatly increase your descendants; there will be so many that it will be impossible to count them."

11 The angel of ADONAI said to her, "Look, you are pregnant, and you will give birth to a son. You are to call him Yishma'el [God pays attention] because ADONAI has paid attention to your misery.

12 He will be a wild donkey of a man, with his hand against everyone and everyone's hand against him, living his life at odds with all his kinsmen."

13 So she named ADONAI who had spoken with her El Ro'i [God of seeing], because she said, "Have I really seen the One who sees me [and stayed alive]?"

14 This is why the well has been called Be'er-Lachai-Ro'i [well of the one who lives and sees]; it lies between Kadesh and Bered.

15 Hagar bore Avram a son, and Avram called the son whom Hagar had borne Yishma'el.

16 Avram was 86 years old when Hagar bore Yishma'el to Avram.

1 When Avram was 99 years old ADONAI appeared to Avram and said to him, "I am El Shaddai [God Almighty]. Walk in my presence and be pure-hearted.

2 I will make my covenant between me and you, and I will increase your numbers greatly."

3 Avram fell on his face, and God continued speaking with him:

4 "As for me, this is my covenant with you: you will be the father of many nations.

5 Your name will no longer be Avram [exalted father], but your name will be Avraham [father of many], because I have made you the father of many nations.

6 I will cause you to be very fruitful. I will make nations of you, kings will descend from you.

7 "I am establishing my covenant between me and you, along with your descendants after you, generation after generation, as an everlasting covenant, to be God for you and for your descendants after you.

8 I will give you and your descendants after you the land in which you are now foreigners, all the land of Kena'an, as a permanent possession; and I will be their God."

9 God said to Avraham, "As for you, you are to keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you, generation after generation.

10 Here is my covenant, which you are to keep, between me and you, along with your descendants after you: every male among you is to be circumcised.

11 You are to be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin; this will be the sign of the covenant between me and you.

12 Generation after generation, every male among you who is eight days old is to be circumcised, including slaves born within your household and those bought from a foreigner not descended from you.

13 The slave born in your house and the person bought with your money must be circumcised; thus my covenant will be in your flesh as an everlasting covenant.

14 Any uncircumcised male who will not let himself be circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin -that person will be cut off from his people, because he has broken my covenant."

15 God said to Avraham, "As for Sarai your wife, you are not to call her Sarai [mockery]; her name is to be Sarah [princess].

16 I will bless her; moreover, I will give you a son by her. Truly I will bless her: she will be a mother of nations; kings of peoples will come from her."

17 At this Avraham fell on his face and laughed - he thought to himself, "Will a child be born to a man a hundred years old? Will Sarah give birth at ninety?"

18 Avraham said to God, "If only Yishma'el could live in your presence!"

19 God answered, "No, but Sarah your wife will bear you a son, and you are to call him Yitz'chak [laughter]. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him.

20 But as for Yishma'el, I have heard you. I have blessed him. I will make him fruitful and give him many descendants. He will father twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation.

21 But I will establish my covenant with Yitz'chak, whom Sarah will bear to you at this time next year."

22 With that, God finished speaking with Avraham and went up from him.

23 Avraham took Yishma'el his son, all the slaves born in his house and all who had been bought with his money, every male among the people in Avraham's household, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin that very day, just as God had said to him.

24 Avraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin,

25 and Yishma'el his son was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.

26 Avraham and Yishma'el his son were circumcised on the same day;

27 and all the men in his household, both slaves born in his house and those bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him.

1 ADONAI appeared to Avraham by the oaks of Mamre as he sat at the entrance to the tent during the heat of the day.

2 He raised his eyes and looked, and there in front of him stood three men. On seeing them, he ran from the tent door to meet them, prostrated himself on the ground,

3 and said, "My lord, if I have found favor in your sight, please don't leave your servant.

4 Please let me send for some water, so that you can wash your feet; then rest under the tree,

5 and I will bring a piece of bread. Now that you have come to your servant, refresh yourselves before going on.""Very well," they replied, "do what you have said."

6 Avraham hurried into the tent to Sarah and said, "Quickly, three measures of the best flour! Knead it and make cakes."

7 Avraham ran to the herd, took a good, tender calf and gave it to the servant, who hurried to prepare it.

8 Then he took curds, milk and the calf which he had prepared, and set it all before the men; and he stood by them under the tree as they ate.

9 They said to him, "Where is Sarah your wife?" He said, "There, in the tent."

10 He said, "I will certainly return to you around this time next year, and Sarah your wife will have a son."Sarah heard him from the entrance of the tent, behind him.

11 Avraham and Sarah were old, advanced in years; Sarah was past the age of childbearing.

12 So Sarah laughed to herself, thinking, "I am old, and so is my lord; am I to have pleasure again?"

13 ADONAI said to Avraham, "Why did Sarah laugh and ask, 'Am I really going to bear a child when I am so old?'

14 Is anything too hard for ADONAI? At the time set for it, at this season next year, I will return to you; and Sarah will have a son."

15 Sarah denied it, saying, "I didn't either laugh," because she was afraid. He said, "Not so - you did laugh."

16 The men set out from there and looked over toward S'dom, and Avraham went with them to see them on their way.

17 ADONAI said, "Should I hide from Avraham what I am about to do,

18 inasmuch as Avraham is sure to become a great and strong nation, and all the nations of the earth will be blessed by him?

19 For I have made myself known to him, so that he will give orders to his children and to his household after him to keep the way of ADONAI and to do what is right and just, so that ADONAI may bring about for Avraham what he has promised him."

20 ADONAI said, "The outcry against S'dom and 'Amora is so great and their sin so serious

21 that I will now go down and see whether their deeds warrant the outcry that has reached me; if not, I will know."

22 The men turned away from there and went toward S'dom, but Avraham remained standing before ADONAI.

23 Avraham approached and said, "Will you actually sweep away the righteous with the wicked?

24 Maybe there are fifty righteous people in the city; will you actually sweep the place away, and not forgive it for the sake of the fifty righteous who are there?

25 Far be it from you to do such a thing - to kill the righteous along with the wicked, so that the righteous and the wicked are treated alike! Far be it from you! Shouldn't the judge of all the earth do what is just?"

26 ADONAI said, "If I find in S'dom fifty who are righteous, then I will forgive the whole place for their sake."

27 Avraham answered, "Here now, I, who am but dust and ashes, have taken it upon myself to speak to Adonai.

28 What if there are five less than fifty righteous?"He said, "I won't destroy it if I find forty-five there."

29 He spoke to him yet again: "What if forty are found there?" He said, "For the sake of the forty I won't do it."

30 He said, "I hope Adonai won't be angry if I speak. What if thirty are found there?" He said, "I won't do it if I find thirty there."

31 He said, "Here now, I have taken it upon myself to speak to Adonai. What if twenty are found there?" He said, "For the sake of the twenty I won't destroy it."

32 He said, "I hope Adonai won't be angry if I speak just once more. What if ten are found there?" He said, "For the sake of the ten I won't destroy it."

33 ADONAI went on his way as soon as he had finished speaking to Avraham, and Avraham returned to his place.

1 The two angels came to S'dom that evening, when Lot was sitting at the gate of S'dom. Lot saw them, got up to greet them and prostrated himself on the ground.

2 He said, "Here now, my lords, please come over to your servant's house. Spend the night, wash your feet, get up early, and go on your way.""No," they answered, "we'll stay in the square."

3 But he kept pressing them; so they went home with him; and he made them a meal, baking matzah for their supper, which they ate.

4 But before they could go to bed, the men of the city surrounded the house -young and old, everyone from every neighborhood of S'dom.

5 They called Lot and said to him, "Where are the men who came to stay with you tonight? Bring them out to us! We want to have sex with them!"

6 Lot went out to them and stood in the doorway, closing the door behind him,

7 and said, "Please, my brothers, don't do such a wicked thing.

8 Look here, I have two daughters who are virgins. Please, let me bring them out to you, and you can do with them what seems good to you; but don't do anything to these men, since they are guests in my house."

9 "Stand back!" they replied. "This guy came to live here, and now he's decided to play judge. For that we'll deal worse with you than with them!"Then they crowded in on Lot, in order to get close enough to break down the door.

10 But the men inside reached out their hands, brought Lot into the house to them and shut the door.

11 Then they struck the men at the door of the house with blindness, both small and great, so that they couldn't find the doorway.

12 The men said to Lot, "Do you have any people here besides yourself? Whomever you have in the city - son-in-law, your sons, your daughters - bring them out of this place;

13 because we are going to destroy it. ADONAI has become aware of the great outcry against them, and ADONAI has sent us to destroy it."

14 Lot went out and spoke with his sons-in-law, who had married his daughters, and said, "Get up and leave this place, because ADONAI is going to destroy the city." But his sons-in-law didn't take him seriously.

15 When morning came, the angels told Lot to hurry. "Get up," they said, "and take your wife and your two daughters who are here; otherwise you will be swept away in the punishment of the city."

16 But he dallied, so the men took hold of his hand, his wife's hand and the hands of his two daughters -ADONAI was being merciful to him - and led them, leaving them outside the city.

17 When they had brought them out, he said, "Flee for your life! Don't look behind you, and don't stop anywhere in the plain, but escape to the hills! Otherwise you will be swept away."

18 Lot said to them, "Please, no, my lord!

19 Here, your servant has already found favor in your sight, and you have shown me even greater mercy by saving my life. But I can't escape to the hills, because I'm afraid the disaster will overtake me, and I will die.

20 Look, there's a town nearby to flee to, and it's a small one. Please let me escape there - isn't it just a small one? -and that way I will stay alive."

21 He replied, "All right, I agree to what you have asked. I won't overthrow the city of which you have spoken.

22 Hurry, and escape to that place, because I can't do anything until you arrive there." For this reason the city was named Tzo'ar [small].

23 By the time Lot had come to Tzo'ar, the sun had risen over the land.

24 Then ADONAI caused sulfur and fire to rain down upon S'dom and 'Amora from ADONAI out of the sky.

25 He overthrew those cities, the entire plain, all the inhabitants of the cities and everything growing in the ground.

26 But his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a column of salt.

27 Avraham got up early in the morning, went to the place where he had stood before ADONAI,

28 and looked out toward S'dom and 'Amora, scanning the entire plain. There before him the smoke was rising from the land like smoke from a furnace!

29 But when God destroyed the cities of the plain, he remembered Avraham and sent Lot out, away from the destruction, when he overthrew the cities in which Lot lived.

30 Lot went up from Tzo'ar and lived in the hills with his two daughters, because he was afraid to stay in Tzo'ar. He and his two daughters lived in a cave.

31 The firstborn said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there isn't a man on earth to come in to us in the manner customary in the world.

32 Come, let's have our father drink wine; then we'll sleep with him, and that way we'll enable our father to have descendants."

33 So they plied their father with wine that night, and the older one went in and slept with her father; he didn't know when she lay down or when she got up.

34 The following day, the older said to the younger, "Here, I slept last night with my father. Let's make him drink wine again tonight, and you go in and sleep with him, and that way we'll enable our father to have descendants."

35 They plied their father with wine that night also, and the younger one got up and slept with him, and he didn't know when she lay down or when she got up.

36 Thus both the daughters of Lot became pregnant by their father.

37 The older one gave birth to a son and called him Mo'av; he is the ancestor of Mo'av to this day.

38 The younger also gave birth to a son, and she called him Ben-'Ammi; he is the ancestor of the people of 'Amon to this day.

1 Avraham traveled from there toward the Negev and lived between Kadesh and Shur. While living as an alien in G'rar,

2 Avraham was saying of Sarah his wife, "She is my sister"; so Avimelekh king of G'rar sent and took Sarah.

3 But God came to Avimelekh in a dream one night and said to him, "You are about to die because of the woman you have taken, since she is someone's wife."

4 Now Avimelekh had not come near her; so he said, "Lord, will you kill even an upright nation?

5 Didn't he himself say to me, 'She is my sister'? And even she herself said, 'He is my brother.' In doing this, my heart has been pure and my hands innocent."

6 God said to him in the dream, "Yes, I know that in doing this, your heart has been pure; and I too have kept you from sinning against me. This is why I didn't let you touch her.

7 Therefore, return the man's wife to him now. He is a prophet, and he will pray for you, so that you will live. But if you don't return her, know that you will certainly die - you and all who belong to you."

8 Avimelekh got up early in the morning, called all his servants and told them these things; and the men became very afraid.

9 Then Avimelekh called Avraham and said to him, "What have you done to us? How have I sinned against you to cause you to bring on me and my kingdom a great sin? You have done things to me that are just not done."

10 Avimelekh went on, asking Avraham, "Whatever could have caused you to do such a thing?"

11 Avraham replied, "It was because I thought, 'There could not possibly be any fear of God in this place, so they will kill me in order to get my wife.'

12 But she actually is also my sister, the daughter of my father but not the daughter of my mother, and so she became my wife.

13 When God had me leave my father's house, I told her, 'Do me this favor: wherever we go, say about me, "He is my brother."'"

14 Avimelekh took sheep, cattle, and male and female slaves, and gave them to Avraham; and he returned to him Sarah his wife.

15 Then Avimelekh said, "Look, my country lies before you; live where you like."

16 To Sarah he said, "Here, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver. That will allay the suspicions of everyone who is with you. Before everyone you are cleared."

17 Avraham prayed to God, and God healed Avimelekh and his wife and slave-girls, so that they could have children.

18 For ADONAI had made every woman in Avimelekh's household infertile on account of Sarah Avraham's wife.

1 ADONAI remembered Sarah as he had said, and ADONAI did for Sarah what he had promised.

2 Sarah conceived and bore Avraham a son in his old age, at the very time God had said to him.

3 Avraham called his son, born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Yitz'chak.

4 Avraham circumcised his son Yitz'chak when he was eight days old, as God had ordered him to do.

5 Avraham was one hundred years old when his son Yitz'chak [laughter] was born to him.

6 Sarah said, "God has given me good reason to laugh; now everyone who hears about it will laugh with me."

7 And she said, "Who would have said to Avraham that Sarah would nurse children? Nevertheless, I have borne him a son in his old age!"

8 The child grew and was weaned, and Avraham gave a great banquet on the day that Yitz'chak was weaned.

9 But Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom Hagar had borne to Avraham, making fun of Yitz'chak;

10 so Sarah said to Avraham, "Throw this slave-girl out! And her son! I will not have this slave-girl's son as your heir along with my son Yitz'chak!"

11 Avraham became very distressed over this matter of his son.

12 But God said to Avraham, "Don't be distressed because of the boy and your slave-girl. Listen to everything Sarah says to you, because it is your descendants through Yitz'chak who will be counted.

13 But I will also make a nation from the son of the slave-girl, since he is descended from you."

14 Avraham got up early in the morning, took bread and a skin of water and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder, and the child; then he sent her away. After leaving, she wandered in the desert around Be'er-Sheva.

15 When the water in the skin was gone, she left the child under a bush,

16 and went and sat down, looking the other way, about a bow-shot's distance from him; because she said, "I can't bear to watch my child die." So she sat there, looking the other way, crying out and weeping.

17 God heard the boy's voice, and the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, "What's wrong with you, Hagar? Don't be afraid, because God has heard the voice of the boy in his present situation.

18 Get up, lift the boy up, and hold him tightly in your hand, because I am going to make him a great nation."

19 Then God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. So she went, filled the skin with water and gave the boy water to drink.

20 God was with the boy, and he grew. He lived in the desert and became an archer.

21 He lived in the Pa'ran Desert, and his mother chose a wife for him from the land of Egypt.

22 At that time Avimelekh and Pikhol the commander of his army spoke to Avraham. They said, "God is with you in everything you do.

23 Therefore, swear to me here by God that you will never deal falsely with me or with my son or grandson; but according to the kindness with which I have treated you, you will treat me and the land in which you have lived as a foreigner.

24 Avraham said, "I swear it."

25 Now Avraham had complained to Avimelekh about a well which Avimelekh's servants had seized.

26 Avimelekh answered, "I don't know who has done this. You didn't tell me, and I heard about it only today."

27 Avraham took sheep and cattle and gave them to Avimelekh, and the two of them made a covenant.

28 Avraham put seven female lambs from the flock by themselves.

29 Avimelekh asked Avraham, "What is the meaning of these seven female lambs you have put by themselves?"

30 He answered, "You are to accept these seven female lambs from me as witness that I dug this well."

31 This is why that place was called Be'er-Sheva [well of seven, well of an oath] - because they both swore an oath there.

32 When they made the covenant at Be'er-Sheva, Avimelekh departed with Pikhol the commander of his army and returned to the land of the P'lishtim.

33 Avraham planted a tamarisk tree in Be'er-Sheva, and there he called on the name of ADONAI, the everlasting God.

34 Avraham lived for a long time as a foreigner in the land of the P'lishtim.

1 After these things, God tested Avraham. He said to him, "Avraham!" and he answered, "Here I am."

2 He said, "Take your son, your only son, whom you love, Yitz'chak; and go to the land of Moriyah. There you are to offer him as a burnt offering on a mountain that I will point out to you."

3 Avraham got up early in the morning, saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him, together with Yitz'chak his son. He cut the wood for the burnt offering, departed and went toward the place God had told him about.

4 On the third day, Avraham raised his eyes and saw the place in the distance.

5 Avraham said to his young men, "Stay here with the donkey. I and the boy will go there, worship and return to you."

6 Avraham took the wood for the burnt offering and laid it on Yitz'chak his son. Then he took in his hand the fire and the knife, and they both went on together.

7 Yitz'chak spoke to Avraham his father: "My father?" He answered, "Here I am, my son." He said, "I see the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?"

8 Avraham replied, "God will provide himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son"; and they both went on together.

9 They came to the place God had told him about; and Avraham built the altar there, set the wood in order, bound Yitz'chak his son and laid him on the altar, on the wood.

10 Then Avraham put out his hand and took the knife to kill his son.

11 But the angel of ADONAI called to him out of heaven: "Avraham? Avraham!"He answered, "Here I am."

12 He said, "Don't lay your hand on the boy! Don't do anything to him! For now I know that you are a man who fears God, because you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me."

13 Avraham raised his eyes and looked, and there behind him was a ram caught in the bushes by its horns. Avraham went and took the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering in place of his son.

14 Avraham called the place ADONAI Yir'eh [ADONAI will see (to it), ADONAI provides] -as it is said to this day, "On the mountain ADONAI is seen."

15 The angel of ADONAI called to Avraham a second time out of heaven.

16 He said, "I have sworn by myself - says ADONAI- that because you have done this, because you haven't withheld your son, your only son,

17 I will most certainly bless you; and I will most certainly increase your descendants to as many as there are stars in the sky or grains of sand on the seashore. Your descendants will possess the cities of their enemies,

18 and by your descendants all the nations of the earth will be blessed - because you obeyed my order."

19 So Avraham returned to his young men. They got up and went together to Be'er-Sheva, and Avraham settled in Be'er-Sheva.

20 Afterwards, Avraham was told, "Milkah too has borne children, to your brother Nachor -

21 'Utz his firstborn, Buz his brother, K'mu'el the father of Aram,

22 Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Yidlaf and B'tu'el.

23 B'tu'el fathered Rivkah. These eight Milkah bore to Nachor Avraham's brother.

24 His concubine, whose name was Re'umah, bore children also: Tevach, Gacham, Tachash and Ma'akhah.

1 Sarah lived to be 127 years old; these were the years of Sarah's life.

2 Sarah died in Kiryat-Arba, also known as Hevron, in the land of Kena'an; and Avraham came to mourn Sarah and weep for her.

3 Then he got up from his dead one and said to the sons of Het,

4 "I am a foreigner living as an alien with you; let me have a burial site with you, so that I can bury my dead wife.

5 The sons of Het answered Avraham,

6 "Listen to us, my lord. You are a prince of God among us, so choose any of our tombs to bury your dead - not one of us would refuse you his tomb for burying your dead."

7 Avraham got up, bowed before the people of the land, the sons of Het,

8 and spoke with them. "If it is your desire to help me bury my dead, then listen to me: ask 'Efron the son of Tzochar

9 to give me the cave of Makhpelah, which he owns, the one at the end of his field. He should sell it to me in your presence at its full value; then I will have a burial site of my own."

10 'Efron the Hitti was sitting among the sons of Het, and he gave Avraham his answer in the presence of the sons of Het who belonged to the ruling council of the city:

11 "No, my lord, listen to me: I'm giving you the field, with its cave - I'm giving it to you. In the presence of my people I give it to you."

12 Avraham bowed before the people of the land

13 and spoke to 'Efron in their hearing: "Please be good enough to listen to me. I will pay the price of the field; accept it from me, and I will bury my dead there."

14 But 'Efron answered Avraham

15 "My lord, listen to me. A plot of land worth 400 silver shekels - what is that between me and you? Just bury your dead."

16 Avraham got the point of what 'Efron had said, so he weighed out for 'Efron the amount of money he had specified in the presence of the sons of Het, 400 silver shekels of the weight accepted among merchants [ten pounds].

17 Thus the field of 'Efron in Makhpelah, which is by Mamre - the field, its cave and all the trees in and around it - were deeded

18 to Avraham as his possession in the presence of the sons of Het who belonged to the ruling council of the city.

19 Then Avraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Makhpelah, by Mamre, also known as Hevron, in the land of Kena'an

20 The field and its cave had been purchased by Avraham from the sons of Het as a burial-site which would belong to him.

1 By now Avraham was old, advanced in years; and ADONAI had blessed Avraham in everything.

2 Avraham said to the servant who had served him the longest, who was in charge of all he owned, "Put your hand under my thigh;

3 because I want you to swear by ADONAI, God of heaven and God of the earth, that you will not choose a wife for my son from among the women of the Kena'ani, among whom I am living;

4 but that you will go to my homeland, to my kinsmen, to choose a wife for my son Yitz'chak."

5 The servant replied, "Suppose the woman isn't willing to follow me to this land. Must I then bring your son back to the land from which you came?"

6 Avraham said to him, "See to it that you don't bring my son back there.

7 ADONAI, the God of heaven - who took me away from my father's house and away from the land I was born in, who spoke to me and swore to me, 'I will give this land to your descendants'- he will send his angel ahead of you; and you are to bring a wife for my son from there.

8 But if the woman is unwilling to follow you, then you are released from your obligation under my oath. Just don't bring my son back there."

9 The servant put his hand under the thigh of Avraham his master and swore to him concerning the matter.

10 Then the servant took ten of his master's camels and all kinds of gifts from his master, got up and went to Aram-Naharayim, to Nachor's city.

11 Toward evening, when the women go out to draw water, he had the camels kneel down outside the city by the well.

12 He said, "ADONAI, God of my master Avraham, please let me succeed today; and show your grace to my master Avraham.

13 Here I am, standing by the spring, as the daughters of the townsfolk come out to draw water.

14 I will say to one of the girls, 'Please lower your jug, so that I can drink.' If she answers, 'Yes, drink; and I will water your camels as well,' then let her be the one you intend for your servant Yitz'chak. This is how I will know that you have shown grace to my master."

15 Before he had finished speaking, Rivkah the daughter of B'tu'el son of Milkah the wife of Nachor Avraham's brother, came out with her jug on her shoulder.

16 The girl was very beautiful, a virgin, never having had sexual relations with any man. She went down to the spring, filled her jug and came up.

17 The servant ran to meet her and said, "Please give me a sip of water from your jug to drink."

18 "Drink, my lord," she replied, and immediately lowered her jug onto her arm and let him drink.

19 When she was through letting him drink, she said, "I will also draw water for your camels until they have drunk their fill."

20 She quickly emptied her jug into the trough, then ran again to the well to draw water, and kept on drawing water for all his camels.

21 The man gazed at her in silence, waiting to find out whether ADONAI had made his trip successful or not.

22 When the camels were done drinking, the man took a gold nose-ring weighing one-fifth of an ounce and two gold bracelets weighing four ounces

23 and asked, "Whose daughter are you? Tell me, please. Is there room in your father's house for us to spend the night?"

24 She answered, "I am the daughter of B'tu'el the son Milkah bore to Nachor,"

25 adding, "We have plenty of straw and fodder, and room for staying overnight."

26 The man bowed his head and prostrated himself before ADONAI.

27 Then he said, "Blessed be ADONAI, God of my master Avraham, who has not abandoned his faithful love for my master; because ADONAI has guided me to the house of my master's kinsmen."

28 The girl ran off and told her mother's household what had happened.

29 Rivkah had a brother named Lavan. When he saw the nose-ring, and the bracelets on his sister's wrists besides, and when he heard his sister Rivkah's report of what the man had said to her, he ran out to the spring and found the man standing there by the camels.

30

31 "Come on in," he said, "you whom ADONAI has blessed! Why are you standing outside when I have made room in the house and prepared a place for the camels?"

32 So the man went inside, and while the camels were being unloaded and provided straw and fodder, water was brought for him to wash his feet and the feet of the men with him.

33 But when a meal was set before him, he said, "I won't eat until I say what I have to say." Lavan said, "Speak."

34 He said, "I am Avraham's servant.

35 ADONAI has greatly blessed my master, so that he has grown wealthy. He has given him flocks and herds, silver and gold, male and female slaves, camels and donkeys.

36 Sarah my master's wife bore my master a son when she was old, and he has given him everything he has.

37 My master made me swear, saying, 'You are not to choose a wife for my son from among the women of the Kena'ani, among whom I am living;

38 rather, you are to go to my father's house, to my kinsmen, to choose a wife for my son.'

39 I said to my master, 'Suppose the woman isn't willing to follow me.'

40 Avraham answered me, 'ADONAI, in whose presence I live, will send his angel with you to make your trip successful; and you are to pick a wife for my son from my kinsmen in my father's house;

41 this will release you from your obligation under my oath. But if, when you come to my kinsmen, they refuse to give her to you, this too will release you from my oath.'

42 "So today, I came to the spring and said, 'ADONAI, God of my master Avraham, if you are causing my trip to succeed in its purpose,

43 then, here I am, standing by the spring. I will say to one of the girls coming out to draw water, "Let me have a sip of water from your jug."

44 If she answers, "Yes, drink; and I will water your camels as well," then let her be the woman you intend for my master's son.'

45 And even before I had finished speaking to my heart, there came Rivkah, going out with her jug on her shoulder; she went down to the spring and drew water. When I said to her, 'Please let me have a drink,'

46 she immediately lowered the jug from her shoulder and said, 'Drink, and I will water your camels as well.'So I drank, and she had the camels drink too.

47 "I asked her, 'Whose daughter are you?' and she answered, 'The daughter of B'tu'el son of Nachor, whom Milkah bore to him.'Then I put the ring on her nose and the bracelets on her wrists,

48 bowed my head, prostrated myself before ADONAI and blessed ADONAI, God of my master Avraham, for having led me in the right way to obtain my master's brother's [grand]daughter for his son.

49 "So now if you people intend to show grace and truth to my master, tell me. But if not, tell me, so that I can turn elsewhere."

50 Lavan and B'tu'el replied, "Since this comes from ADONAI, we can't say anything to you either bad or good.

51 Rivkah is here in front of you; take her and go. Let her be your master's son's wife, as ADONAI has said."

52 When Avraham's servant heard what they said, he prostrated himself on the ground to ADONAI.

53 Then the servant brought out silver and gold jewelry, together with clothing, and gave them to Rivkah. He also gave valuable gifts to her brother and mother.

54 He and his men then ate and drank and stayed the night. In the morning they got up; and he said, "Send me off to my master."

55 Her brother and mother said, "Let the girl stay with us a few days, at least ten. After that, she will go."

56 He answered them, "Don't delay me, since ADONAI has made my trip successful, but let me go back to my master."

57 They said, "We will call the girl and see what she says."

58 They called Rivkah and asked her, "Will you go with this man?" and she replied, "I will."

59 So they sent their sister Rivkah away, with her nurse, Avraham's servant and his men.

60 They blessed Rivkah with these words: "Our sister, may you be the mother of millions, and may your descendants possess the cities of those who hate them."

61 Then Rivkah and her maids mounted the camels and followed the man. So the servant took Rivkah and went on his way.

62 Meanwhile, Yitz'chak, one evening after coming along the road from Be'er-Lachai-Ro'i - he was living in the Negev -

63 went out walking in the field; and as he looked up, he saw camels approaching.

64 Rivkah too looked up; and when she saw Yitz'chak, she quickly dismounted the camel.

65 She said to the servant,"Who is this man walking in the field to meet us?"When the servant replied, "It's my master," she took her veil and covered herself.

66 The servant told Yitz'chak everything he had done.

67 Then Yitz'chak brought her into his mother Sarah's tent and took Rivkah, and she became his wife, and he loved her. Thus was Yitz'chak comforted for the loss of his mother.

1 Avraham took another wife, whose name was K'turah.

2 She bore him Zimran, Yokshan, Medan, Midyan, Yishbak; and Shuach.

3 Yokshan fathered Sh'va and D'dan. The sons of D'dan were Ashurim, L'tushim and L'umim.

4 The sons of Midyan were 'Eifah, 'Efer, Hanokh, Avida and Elda'ah. All these were descendants of K'turah.

5 Avraham gave everything he owned to Yitz'chak.

6 But to the sons of the concubines he made grants while he was still living and sent them off to the east, to the land of Kedem, away from Yitz'chak his son.

7 This is how long Avraham lived: 175 years.

8 Then Avraham breathed his last, dying at a ripe old age, an old man full of years; and he was gathered to his people.

9 Yitz'chak and Yishma'el his sons buried him in the cave of Makhpelah, in the field of 'Efron the son of Tzochar the Hitti, by Mamre,

10 the field which Avraham purchased from the sons of Het. Avraham was buried there with Sarah his wife.

11 After Avraham died, God blessed Yitz'chak his son, and Yitz'chak lived near Be'er-Lachai-Ro'i.

12 Here is the genealogy of Yishma'el, Avraham's son, whom Hagar the Egyptian woman bore to Avraham.

13 These are the names of the sons of Yishma'el, listed in the order of their birth. The firstborn of Yishma'el was N'vayot; followed by Kedar, Adbe'el, Mivsam,

14 Mishma, Dumah, Massa,

15 Hadad, Teima, Y'tur, Nafish and Kedmah.

16 These are the sons of Yishma'el, and these are their names, according to their settlements and camps, twelve tribal rulers.

17 This is how long Yishma'el lived: 137 years. Then he breathed his last, died and was gathered to his people.

18 Yishma'el's sons lived between Havilah and Shur, near Egypt as you go toward Ashur; he settled near all his kinsmen.

19 Here is the history of Yitz'chak, Avraham's son. Avraham fathered Yitz'chak.

20 Yitz'chak was forty years old when he took Rivkah, the daughter of B'tu'el the Arami from Paddan-Aram and sister of Lavan the Arami, to be his wife.

21 Yitz'chak prayed to ADONAI on behalf of his wife, because she was childless. ADONAI heeded his prayer, and Rivkah became pregnant.

22 The children fought with each other inside her so much that she said, "If it's going to be like this, why go on living?" So she went to inquire of ADONAI,

23 who answered her, "There are two nations in your womb. From birth they will be two rival peoples. One of these peoples will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger."

24 When the time for her delivery came, there were twins in her womb.

25 The first to come out was reddish and covered all over with hair, like a coat; so they named him 'Esav [completely formed, that is, having hair already].

26 Then his brother emerged, with his hand holding 'Esav's heel, so he was called Ya'akov [he catches by the heel, he supplants]. Yitz'chak was sixty years old when she bore them.

27 The boys grew; and 'Esav became a skillful hunter, an outdoorsman; while Ya'akov was a quiet man who stayed in the tents.

28 Yitz'chak favored 'Esav, because he had a taste for game; Rivkah favored Ya'akov.

29 One day when Ya'akov had cooked some stew, 'Esav came in from the open country, exhausted,

30 and said to Ya'akov, "Please! Let me gulp down some of that red stuff - that red stuff! I'm exhausted!" (This is why he was called Edom [red].)

31 Ya'akov answered, "First sell me your rights as the firstborn."

32 "Look, I'm about to die!" said 'Esav. "What use to me are my rights as the firstborn?"

33 Ya'akov said, "First, swear to me!" So he swore to him, thus selling his birthright to Ya'akov.

34 Then Ya'akov gave him bread and lentil stew; he ate and drank, got up and went on his way. Thus 'Esav showed how little he valued his birthright.

1 A famine came over the land, not the same as the first famine, which had taken place when Avraham was alive. Yitz'chak went to G'rar, to Avimelekh king of the P'lishtim.

2 ADONAI appeared to him and said, "Don't go down into Egypt, but live where I tell you.

3 Stay in this land, and I will be with you and bless you, because I will give all these lands to you and to your descendants. I will fulfill the oath which I swore to Avraham your father -

4 I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky, I will give all these lands to your descendants, and by your descendants all the nations of the earth will bless themselves.

5 All this is because Avraham heeded what I said and did what I told him to do -he followed my mitzvot, my regulations and my teachings."

6 So Yitz'chak settled in G'rar.

7 The men of the place asked him about his wife, and out of fear he said, "She is my sister." He thought, "If I tell them she's my wife, they might kill me in order to take Rivkah. After all, she is a beautiful woman."

8 But one day, after he had lived there a long time, Avimelekh king of the P'lishtim happened to be looking out of a window when he spotted Yitz'chak caressing Rivkah his wife.

9 Avimelekh summoned Yitz'chak and said, "So she is your wife, after all! How come you said, 'She is my sister'?" Yitz'chak responded, "Because I thought, 'I could get killed because of her.'"

10 Avimelekh said, "What is this you have done to us? One of the people could easily have slept with your wife, and you would have brought guilt on us!"

11 Then Avimelekh warned all the people: "Whoever touches this man or his wife will certainly be put to death."

12 Yitz'chak planted crops in that land and reaped that year a hundred times as much as he had sowed. ADONAI had blessed him.

13 The man became rich and prospered more and more, until he had become very wealthy indeed.

14 He had flocks, cattle and a large household; and the P'lishtim envied him.

15 Now the P'lishtim had stopped up and filled with dirt all the wells his father's servants had dug during the lifetime of Avraham his father.

16 Avimelekh said to Yitz'chak, "You must go away from us, because you have become much more powerful than we are."

17 So Yitz'chak left, set up camp in Vadi G'rar and lived there.

18 Yitz'chak reopened the wells which had been dug during the lifetime of Avraham his father, the ones the P'lishtim had stopped up after Avraham died, and called them by the names his father had used for them.

19 Yitz'chak's servants dug in the vadi and uncovered a spring of running water.

20 But the herdsmen of G'rar quarreled with Yitz'chak's herdsmen, claiming, "That water is ours!" So he called the well 'Esek [quarrel], because they quarreled with him.

21 They dug another well and quarreled over that one too. So he called it Sitnah [enmity].

22 He went away from there and dug another well, and over that one they didn't quarrel. So he called it Rechovot [wide open spaces] and said, "Because now ADONAI has made room for us, and we will be productive in the land."

23 From there Yitz'chak went up to Be'er-Sheva.

24 ADONAI appeared to him that same night and said, "I am the God of Avraham your father. Don't be afraid, because I am with you; I will bless you and increase your descendants for the sake of my servant Avraham."

25 There he built an altar and called on the name of ADONAI. He pitched his tent there, and there Yitz'chak's servants dug a well.

26 Then Avimelekh went to him from G'rar with his friend Achuzat and Pikhol the commander of his army.

27 Yitz'chak said to them, "Why have you come to me, even though you were unfriendly to me and sent me away?"

28 They answered, "We saw very clearly that ADONAI has been with you; so we said, 'Let there be an oath between us: let's make a pact between ourselves and you

29 that you will not harm us, just as we have not caused you offense but have done you nothing but good and sent you on your way in peace. Now you are blessed by ADONAI.'"

30 Yitz'chak prepared a banquet for them, and they ate and drank.

31 The next morning, they got up early and swore to each other. Then Yitz'chak sent them on their way, and they left him peacefully.

32 That very day Yitz'chak's servants came and told him about the well they had dug, "We have found water."

33 So he called it Shiv'ah [oath, seven], and for this reason the name of the city is Be'er-Sheva [well of seven, well of an oath] to this day.

34 When 'Esav was forty years old, he took as wives Y'hudit the daughter of Be'eri the Hitti and Basmat the daughter of Elon the Hitti.

35 But they became a cause for embitterment of spirit to Yitz'chak and Rivkah.

1 In the course of time, after Yitz'chak had grown old and his eyes dim, so that he couldn't see, he called 'Esav his older son and said to him, "My son?" and he answered, "Here I am."

2 "Look, I'm old now, I don't know when I will die.

3 Therefore, please take your hunting gear - your quiver of arrows and your bow; go out in the country, and get me some game.

4 Make it tasty, the way I like it; and bring it to me to eat. Then I will bless you [as firstborn], before I die."

5 Rivkah was listening when Yitz'chak spoke to his son 'Esav. So when 'Esav went out to the country to hunt for game and bring it back,

6 she said to her son Ya'akov, "Listen! I heard your father telling 'Esav your brother,

7 'Bring me game, and make it tasty, so I can eat it. Then I will give you my blessing in the presence of ADONAI, before my death.'

8 Now pay attention to me, my son; and do what I tell you.

9 Go to the flock, and bring me back two choice kids. I will make it tasty for your father, the way he likes it;

10 and you will bring it to your father to eat; so that he will give his blessing to you before his death."

11 Ya'akov answered Rivkah his mother, "Look, 'Esav is hairy, but I have smooth skin.

12 Suppose my father touches me -he'll know I'm trying to trick him, and I'll bring a curse on myself, not a blessing!"

13 But his mother said, "Let your curse be on me. Just listen to me, and go get me the kids!"

14 So he went, got them and brought them to his mother; and his mother prepared them in the tasty way his father loved.

15 Next, Rivkah took 'Esav her older son's best clothes, which she had with her in the house, and put them on Ya'akov her younger son;

16 and she put the skins of the goats on his hands and on the smooth parts of his neck.

17 Then she gave the tasty food and the bread she had prepared to her son Ya'akov.

18 He went to his father and said, "My father?" He replied, "Here I am; who are you, my son?"

19 Ya'akov said to his father, "I am 'Esav your firstborn. I've done what you asked me to do. Get up now, sit down, eat the game, and then give me your blessing."

20 Yitz'chak said to his son, "How did you find it so quickly, my son?" He answered, "ADONAI your God made it happen that way."

21 Yitz'chak said to Ya'akov, "Come here, close to me, so I can touch you, my son, and know whether you are in fact my son 'Esav or not."

22 Ya'akov approached Yitz'chak his father, who touched him and said, "The voice is Ya'akov's voice, but the hands are 'Esav's hands."

23 However, he didn't detect him; because his hands were hairy like his brother 'Esav's hands; so he gave him his blessing.

24 He asked, "Are you really my son 'Esav?"And he replied, "I am."

25 He said, "Bring it here to me, and I will eat my son's game, so that I can give you my blessing." So he brought it up to him, and he ate; he also brought him wine, and he drank.

26 Then his father Yitz'chak said to him,"Come close now, and kiss me, my son."

27 He approached and kissed him. Yitz'chak smelled his clothes and blessed Ya'akov with these words: "See, my son smells like a field which ADONAI has blessed.

28 So may God give you dew from heaven, the richness of the earth, and grain and wine in abundance.

29 May peoples serve you and nations bow down to you. May you be lord over your kinsmen, let your mother's descendants bow down to you. Cursed be everyone who curses you, and blessed be everyone who blesses you!"

30 But as soon as Yitz'chak had finished giving his blessing to Ya'akov, when Ya'akov had barely left his father's presence, 'Esav his brother came in from his hunting.

31 He too had prepared a tasty meal and brought it to his father, and now he said to his father, "Let my father get up and eat from his son's game, so that you may give me your blessing."

32 Yitz'chak his father said to him, "Who are you?" and he answered, "I am your son, your firstborn, 'Esav."

33 Yitz'chak began trembling uncontrollably and said, "Then who was it that took game and brought it to me? I ate it all just before you came, and I gave my blessing to him. That's the truth, and the blessing must stand."

34 When 'Esav heard his father's words he burst into loud, bitter sobbing. "Father, bless me too," he begged.

35 He replied, "Your brother came deceitfully and took away your blessing."

36 'Esav said, "His name, Ya'akov [he supplants], really suits him - because he has supplanted me these two times: he took away my birthright, and here, now he has taken away my blessing!" Then he asked, "Haven't you saved a blessing for me?"

37 Yitz'chak answered 'Esav, "Look, I have made him your lord, I have given him all his kinsmen as servants, and I have given him grain and wine to sustain him. What else is there that I can do for you, my son?"

38 'Esav said to his father, "Have you only one blessing, my father? Father, bless me too!"'Esav wept aloud,

39 and Yitz'chak his father answered him: "Here! Your home will be of the richness of the earth and of the dew of heaven from above.

40 You will live by your sword, and you will serve your brother. But when you break loose, you will shake his yoke off your neck."

41 'Esav hated his brother because of the blessing his father had given him. 'Esav said to himself, "The time for mourning my father will soon come, and then I will kill my brother Ya'akov."

42 But the words of 'Esav her older son were told to Rivkah. She sent for Ya'akov her younger son and said to him, "Here, your brother 'Esav is comforting himself over you by planning to kill you.

43 Therefore, my son, listen to me: get up and escape to Lavan my brother in Haran.

44 Stay with him a little while, until your brother's anger subsides.

45 Your brother's anger will turn away from you, and he will forget what you did to him. Then I'll send and bring you back from there. Why should I lose both of you on the same day?"

46 Rivkah said to Yitz'chak, "I'm sick to death of Hitti women! If Ya'akov marries one of the Hitti women, like those who live here, my life won't be worth living."

1 So Yitz'chak called Ya'akov, and, after blessing him, charged him: "You are not to choose a wife from the Hitti women.

2 Go now to the home of B'tu'el your mother's father, and choose a wife there from the daughters of Lavan your mother's brother.

3 May El Shaddai bless you, make you fruitful and increase your descendants, until they become a whole assembly of peoples.

4 And may he give you the blessing which he gave Avraham, you and your descendants with you, so that you will possess the land you will travel through, the land God gave to Avraham."

5 So Yitz'chak sent Ya'akov away; and he went to Paddan-Aram, to Lavan, son of B'tu'el the Arami, the brother of Rivkah Ya'akov's and 'Esav's mother.

6 Now 'Esav saw that Yitz'chak had blessed Ya'akov and sent him away to Paddan-Aram to choose a wife from there, and that as he blessed him he charged him, "You are not to choose a Kena'ani woman as your wife,"

7 and that Ya'akov had listened to his father and mother and gone to Paddan-Aram.

8 'Esav also saw that the Kena'ani women did not please Yitz'chak his father.

9 So 'Esav went to Yishma'el and took, in addition to the wives he already had, Machalat the daughter of Yishma'el Avraham's son, the sister of N'vayot, to be his wife.

10 Ya'akov went out from Be'er-Sheva and traveled toward Haran.

11 He came to a certain place and stayed the night there, because the sun had set. He took a stone from the place, put it under his head and lay down there to sleep.

12 He dreamt that there before him was a ladder resting on the ground with its top reaching to heaven, and the angels of ADONAI were going up and down on it.

13 Then suddenly ADONAI was standing there next to him; and he said, "I am ADONAI, the God of Avraham your [grand]father and the God of Yitz'chak. The land on which you are lying I will give to you and to your descendants.

14 Your descendants will be as numerous as the grains of dust on the earth. You will expand to the west and to the east, to the north and to the south. By you and your descendants all the families of the earth will be blessed.

15 Look, I am with you. I will guard you wherever you go, and I will bring you back into this land, because I won't leave you until I have done what I have promised you."

16 Ya'akov awoke from his sleep and said, "Truly, ADONAI is in this place - and I didn't know it!"

17 Then he became afraid and said, "This place is fearsome! This has to be the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!"

18 Ya'akov got up early in the morning, took the stone he had put under his head, set it up as a standing-stone, poured olive oil on its top

19 and named the place Beit-El [house of God]; but the town had originally been called Luz.

20 Ya'akov took this vow: "If God will be with me and will guard me on this road that I am traveling, giving me bread to eat and clothes to wear,

21 so that I return to my father's house in peace, then ADONAI will be my God;

22 and this stone, which I have set up as a standing-stone, will be God's house; and of everything you give me, I will faithfully return one-tenth to you."

1 Continuing his journey, Ya'akov came to the land of the people of the east.

2 As he looked, he saw a well in a field; and there were three flocks of sheep lying there next to it; because they watered the sheep from that well. The stone on the well's mouth was large,

3 and only when all the flocks had gathered there would they roll the stone away from the opening of the well and water the sheep. Then they would put the stone back in its place on the well's opening.

4 Ya'akov said to them, "My brothers, where are you from?" They answered, "We're from Haran."

5 He asked them, "Do you know Lavan the [grand]son of Nachor?" They said, "We do."

6 He asked them, "Are things going well with him?""Yes," they answered, "and here comes his daughter Rachel with the sheep."

7 He said, "Look, there's still plenty of daylight left; and it isn't time to bring the animals home; so water the sheep; then go, and put them out to pasture."

8 They answered, "We can't, not until all the flocks have been gathered together, and they roll the stone away from the opening of the well. That's when we water the sheep."

9 While he was still speaking with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep, because she took care of them.

10 When Ya'akov saw Rachel the daughter of Lavan his mother's brother, and the sheep of Lavan his mother's brother, Ya'akov went up and rolled the stone away from the opening of the well and watered the flock of Lavan his mother's brother.

11 Ya'akov kissed Rachel and wept aloud.

12 Ya'akov told Rachel that he was her father's relative, and that he was Rivkah's son; and she ran and told her father.

13 When Lavan heard the news of Ya'akov his sister's son, he ran to meet him, hugged him and kissed him, and brought him to his house. Ya'akov told Lavan all that had happened.

14 Lavan said to him, "You are indeed my own flesh and blood." After Ya'akov had stayed with him for a whole month,

15 Lavan said to him, "Why should you work for me for nothing, just because you are my relative? Tell me how much I should pay you."

16 Now Lavan had two daughters; the name of the older was Le'ah, and the name of the younger was Rachel.

17 Le'ah's eyes were weak; but Rachel was good-looking, with beautiful features.

18 Ya'akov had fallen in love with Rachel and said, "I will work for you seven years in exchange for Rachel your younger daughter."

19 Lavan answered, "Better that I give her to you than to someone else; stay with me."

20 So Ya'akov worked seven years for Rachel, and it seemed only a few days to him, because he was so much in love with her.

21 Ya'akov said to Lavan, "Give me my wife, since my time is finished, so that I can start living with her."

22 Lavan gathered all the men of the place and gave a banquet.

23 In the evening he took Le'ah his daughter and brought her to Ya'akov, and he went in and slept with her.

24 Lavan also gave his slave-girl Zilpah to his daughter Le'ah as her slave-girl.

25 In the morning Ya'akov saw that he was with Le'ah, and he said to Lavan, "What kind of thing is this that you've done to me? Didn't I work for you for Rachel? Why have you deceived me?"

26 Lavan answered, "In our place that isn't how it's done, to give the younger daughter before the firstborn.

27 Finish the marriage week of this one, and we'll give you the other one also in exchange for the work you will do for me during yet another seven years."

28 Ya'akov agreed to this, so he finished her week, and Lavan gave him his daughter Rachel as his wife.

29 Lavan also gave to his daughter Rachel his slave-girl Bilhah as her slave-girl.

30 So not only did Ya'akov go in and sleep with Rachel, but he also loved Rachel more than Le'ah. Then he served Lavan another seven years.

31 ADONAI saw that Le'ah was unloved, so he made her fertile, while Rachel remained childless.

32 Le'ah conceived and gave birth to a son, whom she named Re'uven [see, a son!], for she said, "It is because ADONAI has seen how humiliated I have been, but now my husband will love me."

33 She conceived again, gave birth to a son and said, "It is because ADONAI has heard that I am unloved; therefore he has given me this son also." So she named him Shim'on [hearing].

34 Once more she conceived and had a son; and she said, "Now this time my husband will be joined to me, because I have borne him three sons." Therefore she named him Levi [joining].

35 She conceived yet again, had a son and said, "This time I will praise ADONAI"; therefore she named him Y'hudah [praise]. Then she stopped having children.

1 When Rachel saw that she was not bearing children for Ya'akov, she envied her sister and said to Ya'akov, "Give me children, or I will die!"

2 This made Ya'akov angry at Rachel; he answered, "Am I in God's place? He's the one who is denying you children."

3 She said, "Here is my maid Bilhah. Go, sleep with her, and let her give birth to a child that will be laid on my knees, so that through her I too can build a family."

4 So she gave him Bilhah her slave-girl as his wife, and Ya'akov went in and slept with her.

5 Bilhah conceived and bore Ya'akov a son.

6 Rachel said, "God has judged in my favor; indeed he has heard me and given me a son." Therefore she called him Dan [he judged].

7 Bilhah Rachel's slave-girl conceived again and bore Ya'akov a second son.

8 Rachel said, "I have wrestled mightily with my sister and won," and called him Naftali [my wrestling].

9 When Le'ah saw that she had stopped having children, she took Zilpah her slave-girl and gave her to Ya'akov as his wife.

10 Zilpah Le'ah's slave-girl bore Ya'akov a son;

11 and Le'ah said, "Good fortune has come," calling him Gad [good fortune].

12 Zilpah Le'ah's slave-girl bore Ya'akov a second son;

13 and Le'ah said, "How happy I am! Women will say I am happy!" and called him Asher [happy].

14 During the wheat harvest season Re'uven went and found mandrakes in the field and brought them to his mother Le'ah. Rachel said to Le'ah, "Please give me some of your son's mandrakes [so that I can be fertile]."

15 She answered, "Isn't it enough that you have taken away my husband? Do you have to take my son's mandrakes too?" Rachel said, "Very well; in exchange for your son's mandrakes, sleep with him tonight."

16 When Ya'akov came in from the field in the evening, Le'ah went out to meet him and said, "You have to come and sleep with me, because I've hired you with my son's mandrakes." So Ya'akov slept with her that night.

17 God listened to Le'ah, and she conceived and bore Ya'akov a fifth son.

18 Le'ah said, "God has given me my hire, because I gave my slave-girl to my husband." So she called him Yissakhar [hire, reward].

19 Le'ah conceived again and bore a sixth son to Ya'akov.

20 Le'ah said, "God has given me a wonderful gift. Now at last my husband will live with me, since I have borne him six sons."And she called him Z'vulun [living together].

21 After this, she gave birth to a daughter and named her Dinah [controversy over rights].

22 Then God took note of Rachel, heeded her prayer and made her fertile.

23 She conceived, had a son and said, "God has taken away my disgrace."

24 She called him Yosef [may he add], saying, "May ADONAI add to me another son."

25 After Rachel had given birth to Yosef, Ya'akov said to Lavan, "Send me on my way, so that I can return to my own place, to my own country.

26 Let me take my wives, for whom I have served you, and my children; and let me go. You know very well how faithfully I have served you."

27 Lavan answered him, "If you regard me favorably, then please listen: I have observed the signs that ADONAI has blessed me on account of you.

28 Name your wages," he said; "I will pay them."

29 Ya'akov replied, "You know how faithfully I have served you and how your livestock have prospered under my care.

30 The few you had before I came have increased substantially; ADONAI has blessed you wherever I went. But now, when will I provide for my own household?"

31 Lavan said, "What should I give you?""Nothing," answered Ya'akov, "just do this one thing for me: once more I will pasture your flock and take care of it.

32 I will also go through the flock and pick out every speckled, spotted or brown sheep, and every speckled or spotted goat; these and their offspring will be my wages.

33 And I will let my integrity stand as witness against me in the future: when you come to look over the animals constituting my wages, every goat that isn't speckled or spotted and every sheep that isn't brown will count as stolen by me."

34 Lavan replied, "As you have said, so be it."

35 That day Lavan removed the male goats that were streaked or spotted and all the female goats that were speckled or spotted, every one with white on it, and all the brown sheep; turned them over to his sons;

36 and put three days' distance between himself and Ya'akov. Ya'akov fed the rest of Lavan's flocks.

37 Ya'akov took fresh-cut branches from poplar, almond and plane trees and made white streaks on them by peeling off the bark.

38 Then he set the rods he had peeled upright in the watering troughs, so that the animals would see them when they came to drink. And since they bred when they came to drink,

39 the animals mated in sight of the rods and gave birth to streaked, speckled and spotted young.

40 Ya'akov divided the lambs and had the animals mate with the streaked and the brown in the flock of Lavan. He also kept his own livestock separate and did not have them mix with Lavan's flock.

41 Whenever the hardier animals came into heat, Ya'akov would set up the rods in the watering troughs; so that the animals would see them and conceive in front of them;

42 but he didn't set up the rods in front of the weaker animals. Thus the more feeble were Lavan's and the stronger Ya'akov's.

43 In this way the man became very rich and had large flocks, along with male and female slaves, camels and donkeys.

1 But then he heard what Lavan's sons were saying: "Ya'akov has taken away everything that our father once had. It's from what used to belong to our father that he has gotten so rich."

2 He also saw that Lavan regarded him differently than before.

3 ADONAI said to Ya'akov, "Return to the land of your ancestors, to your kinsmen; I will be with you."

4 So Ya'akov sent for Rachel and Le'ah and had them come to the field where his flock was.

5 He said to them, "I see by the way your father looks that he feels differently toward me than before; but the God of my father has been with me.

6 You know that I have served your father with all my strength,

7 and that your father has belittled me and has changed my wages ten times; but God did not allow him to do me any damage.

8 If he said, 'The speckled will be your wages,' then all the animals gave birth to speckled young; and if he said, 'The streaked will be your wages,' then all the animals gave birth to streaked young.

9 This is how God has taken away your father's animals and given them to me.

10 Once, when the animals were mating, I had a dream: I looked up and there in front of me the male goats which mated with the females were streaked, speckled and mottled.

11 Then, in the dream, the angel of God said to me, 'Ya'akov!' and I replied, 'Here I am.'

12 He continued, 'Raise your eyes now, and look: all the male goats mating with the females are streaked, speckled and mottled; for I have seen everything Lavan has been doing to you.

13 I am the God of Beit-El, where you anointed a standing-stone with oil, where you vowed your vow to me. Now get up, get out of this land, and return to the land where you were born.'"

14 Rachel and Le'ah answered him, "We no longer have any inheritance from our father's possessions;

15 and he considers us foreigners, since he has sold us; moreover, he has consumed everything he received in exchange for us.

16 Nevertheless, the wealth which God has taken away from our father has become ours and our children's anyway; so whatever God has told you to do, do."

17 Then Ya'akov got up, put his sons and wives on the camels,

18 and carried off all his livestock, along with all the riches he had accumulated, the livestock in his possession which he had acquired in Paddan-Aram, to go to Yitz'chak his father in the land of Kena'an.

19 Now Lavan had gone to shear his sheep, so Rachel stole the household idols that belonged to her father,

20 and Ya'akov outwitted Lavan the Arami by not telling him of his intended flight.

21 So he fled with everything he had: he departed, crossed the [Euphrates] River and set out for the hill-country of Gil'ad.

22 Not until the third day was Lavan told that Ya'akov had fled.

23 Lavan took his kinsmen with him and spent the next seven days pursuing Ya'akov, overtaking him in the hill-country of Gil'ad.

24 But God came to Lavan the Arami in a dream that night and said to him, "Be careful that you don't say anything to Ya'akov, either good or bad."

25 When Lavan caught up with Ya'akov, Ya'akov had set up camp in the hill-country; so Lavan and his kinsmen set up camp in the hill-country of Gil'ad.

26 Lavan said to Ya'akov, "What do you mean by deceiving me and carrying off my daughters as if they were captives taken in war?

27 Why did you flee in secret and deceive me and not tell me? I would have sent you off with joy and singing to the music of tambourines and lyres.

28 You didn't even let me kiss my sons and daughters good-bye! What a stupid thing to do!

29 I have it in my power to do you harm; but the God of your father spoke to me last night and said, 'Be careful that you don't say anything to Ya'akov, either good or bad.'

30 Granted that you had to leave, because you longed so deeply for your father's house; but why did you steal my gods?"

31 Ya'akov answered Lavan, "Because I was afraid. I said, 'Suppose you take your daughters away from me by force?'

32 But if you find your gods with someone, that person will not remain alive. So with our kinsmen to witness, if you spot anything that I have which belongs to you, take it back." Ya'akov did not know that Rachel had stolen them.

33 Lavan went into Ya'akov's tent, then into Le'ah's tent and into the tent of the two slave-girls; but he did not find them. He left Le'ah's tent and entered Rachel's tent.

34 Now Rachel had taken the household gods, put them in the saddle of the camel and was sitting on them. Lavan felt all around the tent but did not find them.

35 She said to her father, "Please don't be angry that I'm not getting up in your presence, but it's the time of my period." So he searched, but he didn't find the household gods.

36 Then Ya'akov became angry and started arguing with Lavan. "What have I done wrong?" he demanded. "What is my offense, that you have come after me in hot pursuit?

37 You have felt around in all my stuff, but what have you found of all your household goods? Put it here, in front of my kinsmen and yours, so that they can render judgment between the two of us!

38 I have been with you for these twenty years! Your female sheep and goats haven't aborted their young, and I haven't eaten the male animals in your flocks.

39 If one of your flock was destroyed by a wild animal, I didn't bring the carcass to you but bore the loss myself. You demanded that I compensate you for any animal stolen, whether by day or by night.

40 Here's how it was for me: during the day thirst consumed me, and at night the cold - my sleep fled from my eyes.

41 These twenty years I've been in your house - I served you fourteen years for your two daughters and six years for your flock; and you changed my wages ten times!

42 If the God of my father, the God of Avraham, the one whom Yitz'chak fears, had not been on my side, by now you would certainly have already sent me away with nothing! God has seen how distressed I've been and how hard I've worked, and last night he passed judgment in my favor."

43 Lavan answered Ya'akov, "The daughters are mine, the children are mine, the flocks are mine, and everything you see is mine! But what can I do today about these daughters of mine or the children they have borne?

44 So now, come, let's make a covenant, I and you; and let it stand as a testimony between me and you."

45 Ya'akov took a stone and set it upright as a standing-stone.

46 Then Ya'akov said to his kinsmen, "Gather some stones"; and they took stones, made a pile of them and ate there by the pile of stones.

47 Lavan called it Y'gar-Sahaduta ["pile of witness" in Aramaic], while Ya'akov called it Gal-'Ed ["pile of witness" in Hebrew].

48 Lavan said, "This pile witnesses between me and you today."This is why it is called Gal-'Ed

49 and also HaMitzpah [the watchtower], because he said, "May ADONAI watch between me and you when we are apart from each other.

50 If you cause pain to my daughters, or if you take wives in addition to my daughters, then, even if no one is there with us, still God is witness between me and you."

51 Lavan also said to Ya'akov, "Here is this pile, and here is this standing-stone, which I have set up between me and you.

52 May this pile be a witness, and may the standing-stone be a witness, that I will not pass beyond this pile to you, and you will not pass beyond this pile and this standing-stone to me, to cause harm.

53 May the God of Avraham and also the god of Nachor, the god of their father, judge between us." But Ya'akov swore by the One his father Yitz'chak feared.

54 Ya'akov offered a sacrifice on the mountain and invited his kinsmen to the meal. They ate the food and spent the whole night on the mountain.

55 Early in the morning Lavan got up, kissed his sons and daughters, and blessed them. Then Lavan left and returned to his own place.

1 Ya'akov went on his way, and the angels of God met him.

2 When Ya'akov saw them, he said, "This is God's camp," and called that place Machanayim [two camps].

3 Ya'akov sent messengers ahead of him to 'Esav his brother toward the land of Se'ir, the country of Edom,

4 with these instructions: "Here is what you are to say to my lord 'Esav: 'Your servant Ya'akov says, "I have been living with Lavan and have stayed until now.

5 I have cattle, donkeys and flocks, and male and female servants. I am sending to tell this news to my lord, in order to win your favor."'"

6 The messengers returned to Ya'akov saying, "We went to your brother 'Esav, and he is coming to meet you; with him are four hundred men."

7 Ya'akov became greatly afraid and distressed. He divided the people, flocks, cattle and camels with him into two camps,

8 saying, "If 'Esav comes to the one camp and attacks it, at least the camp that is left will escape."

9 Then Ya'akov said, "God of my father Avraham and God of my father Yitz'chak, ADONAI, who told me, 'Return to your country and your kinsmen, and I will do you good':

10 I'm not worthy of all the love and faithfulness you have shown your servant, since I crossed the Yarden with only my staff. But now I have become two camps.

11 Please! Rescue me from my brother 'Esav! I'm afraid of him, afraid he'll come and attack me, without regard for mothers or children.

12 You said, 'I will certainly do you good and make your descendants as numerous as the grains of sand by the sea, which are so many they can't be counted.'"

13 He stayed there that night; then he chose from among his possessions the following as a present for 'Esav his brother:

14 two hundred female goats and twenty males, two hundred female sheep and twenty males,

15 thirty milk-camels and their colts, forty cows and ten bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten colts.

16 He turned them over to his servants, every drove by itself, and said to his servants, "Cross over in front of me, and keep a space between each drove and the next

17 He instructed the servant in front, "When 'Esav my brother meets you and asks you, 'Whose servant are you? Where are you going? And whose animals are these?'

18 then you are to say, 'They belong to your servant Ya'akov, and they are a present he has sent to my lord 'Esav; and Ya'akov himself is just behind us.'"

19 He also instructed the second servant, and the third, and all that followed the droves, "When you encounter 'Esav, you are to speak to him in the same way,

20 and you are to add, 'And there, just behind us, is your servant Ya'akov.'" For he said, "I will appease him first with the present that goes ahead of me; then, after that, I will see him myself - and maybe he will be friendly toward me."

21 So the present crossed over ahead of him, and he himself stayed that night in the camp.

22 He got up that night, took his two wives, his two slave-girls, and his eleven children, and forded the Yabok.

23 He took them and sent them across the stream, then sent his possessions across;

24 and Ya'akov was left alone. Then some man wrestled with him until daybreak.

25 When he saw that he did not defeat Ya'akov, he struck Ya'akov's hip socket, so that his hip was dislocated while wrestling with him.

26 The man said, "Let me go, because it's daybreak." But Ya'akov replied, "I won't let you go unless you bless me."

27 The man asked, "What is your name?" and he answered, "Ya'akov."

28 Then the man said, "From now on, you will no longer be called Ya'akov, but Isra'el; because you have shown your strength to both God and men and have prevailed."

29 Ya'akov asked him, "Please tell me your name." But he answered, "Why are you asking about my name?" and blessed him there.

30 Ya'akov called the place P'ni-El [face of God], "Because I have seen God face to face, yet my life is spared."

31 As the sun rose upon him he went on past P'ni-El, limping at the hip.

32 This is why, to this day, the people of Isra'el do not eat the thigh muscle that passes along the hip socket - because the man struck Ya'akov's hip at its socket.

1 Ya'akov raised his eyes and looked out; and there was 'Esav coming, and four hundred men with him. So Ya'akov divided the children between Le'ah, Rachel and the two slave-girls,

2 putting the slave-girls and their children first, Le'ah and her children second, and Rachel and Yosef last.

3 Then he himself passed on ahead of them and prostrated himself on the ground seven times before approaching his brother.

4 'Esav ran to meet him, hugged him, threw his arms around his neck and kissed him; and they wept.

5 Esav looked up; on seeing the women and children, he asked, "Who are these with you?" Ya'akov answered, "The children God has graciously given to your servant."

6 Then the slave-girls approached with their children, and they prostrated themselves;

7 Le'ah too and her children approached and prostrated themselves; and last came Yosef and Rachel; and they prostrated themselves.

8 'Esav asked, "What was the meaning of this procession of droves I encountered?" and he answered, "It was to win my lord's favor."

9 'Esav replied, "I have plenty already; my brother, keep your possessions for yourself."

10 Ya'akov said, "No, please! If now I have won your favor, then accept my gift. Just seeing your face has been like seeing the face of God, now that you have received me.

11 So please accept the gift I have brought you, for God has dealt kindly with me and I have enough."Thus he urged him, until he accepted it.

12 'Esav said, "Let's break camp and get going. I'll go first."

13 Ya'akov said to him, "My lord knows that the children are small, and the sheep and cattle suckling their young concern me, because if they overdrive them even one day, all the flocks will die.

14 Instead, please, let my lord go on ahead of his servant. I will travel more slowly, at the pace of the cattle ahead of me and at the pace of the children, until I come to my lord in Se'ir."

15 'Esav replied, "Then let me leave with you some of the people I have with me." But Ya'akov said, "There's no need for my lord to be so kind to me."

16 So 'Esav left that day to return to Se'ir.

17 Ya'akov went on to Sukkot, where he built himself a house and put up shelters for his cattle. This is why the place is called Sukkot [shelters].

18 Having traveled from Paddan-Aram, Ya'akov arrived safely at the city of Sh'khem, in Kena'an, and set up camp near the city.

19 From the sons of Hamor Sh'khem's father he bought for one hundred pieces of silver the parcel of land where he had pitched his tent.

20 There he put up an altar, which he called El-Elohei-Yisra'el [God, the God of Isra'el].

1 One time Dinah the daughter of Le'ah, whom she had borne to Ya'akov, went out to visit the local girls;

2 and Sh'khem the son of Hamor the Hivi, the local ruler, saw her, grabbed her, raped her and humiliated her.

3 But actually he was strongly attracted to Dinah the daughter of Ya'akov; he fell in love with the girl and tried to win her affection.

4 Sh'khem spoke with his father Hamor and said, "Get this girl for me; I want her to be my wife."

5 When Ya'akov heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter, his sons were with his livestock in the field; so Ya'akov restrained himself until they came.

6 Hamor the father of Sh'khem went out to Ya'akov to speak with him

7 just as Ya'akov's sons were coming in from the field. When they heard what had happened, the men were saddened and were very angry at the outrage this man had committed against Isra'el by raping Ya'akov's daughter, something that is simply not done.

8 But Hamor said to them, "My son Sh'khem's heart is set on your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife;

9 and intermarry with us: give your daughters to us, and take our daughters for yourselves.

10 You will live with us, and the land will be available to you - you'll live, do business and acquire possessions here."

11 Then Sh'khem said to her father and brothers, "Only accept me, and I will give whatever you tell me.

12 Ask as large a bride-price as you like, I'll pay whatever you tell me. Just let me marry the girl."

13 The sons of Ya'akov answered Sh'khem and Hamor his father deceitfully, because he had defiled Dinah their sister.

14 They said to them, "We can't do it, because it would be a disgrace to give our sister to someone who hasn't been circumcised.

15 Only on this condition will we consent to what you are asking: that you become like us by having every male among you get circumcised.

16 Then we'll give our daughters to you, and we'll take your daughters for ourselves, and we'll live with you and become one people.

17 But if you won't do as we say and get circumcised, then we'll take our daughter and go away."

18 What they said seemed fair to Hamor and Sh'khem the son of Hamor,

19 and the young man did not put off doing what was asked of him, even though he was the most respected member of his father's family, because he so much wanted Ya'akov' s daughter.

20 Hamor and Sh'khem his son came to the entrance of their city and spoke with its leading men:

21 "These people are peaceful toward us; therefore let them live in the land and do business in it; for, as you can see, the land is large enough for them. Let us take their daughters as wives for ourselves, and we'll give them our daughters.

22 But the people will consent to live with us and become one people only on this condition: that every male among us gets circumcised, as they themselves are circumcised.

23 Won't their cattle, their possessions and all their animals be ours? Only let's consent to do what they ask, and then they will live with us."

24 Everyone going out the city's gate listened to Hamor and Sh'khem his son; so every male was circumcised, every one that went out the gate of the city.

25 On the third day after the circumcision, when they were in pain, two of Ya'akov's sons, Shim'on and Levi, Dinah's brothers, took their swords, boldly descended on the city and slaughtered all the males.

26 They killed Hamor and Sh'khem his son with their swords, took Dinah out of Sh'khem's house, and left.

27 Then the sons of Ya'akov entered over the dead bodies of those who had been slaughtered and plundered the city in reprisal for defiling their sister.

28 They took their flocks, cattle and donkeys, and everything else, whether in the city or in the field,

29 everything they owned. Their children and wives they took captive, and they looted whatever was in the houses.

30 But Ya'akov said to Shim'on and Levi, "You have caused me trouble by making me stink in the opinion of the local inhabitants, the Kena'ani and the P'rizi. Since I don't have many people, they'll align themselves together against me and attack me; and I will be destroyed, I and my household."

31 They replied, "Should we let our sister be treated like a whore?"

1 God said to Ya'akov, "Get up, go up to Beit-El and live there, and make there an altar to God, who appeared to you when you fled 'Esav your brother."

2 Then Ya'akov said to his household and all the others with him, "Get rid of the foreign gods that you have with you, purify yourselves, and put on fresh clothes.

3 We're going to move on and go up to Beit-El. There I will build an altar to God, who answered me when I was in such distress and stayed with me wherever I went."

4 They gave Ya'akov all the foreign gods in their possession and the earrings they were wearing, and Ya'akov buried them under the pistachio tree near Sh'khem.

5 While they were traveling, a terror from God fell upon the cities around them, so that none of them pursued the sons of Ya'akov.

6 Ya'akov and all the people with him arrived at Luz (that is, Beit-El) in the land of Kena'an.

7 He built there an altar and called the place El-Beit-El [God of Beit-El], because it was there that God was revealed to him, at the time when he was fleeing from his brother.

8 Then D'vorah, Rivkah's nurse, died. She was buried below Beit-El under the oak, which was given the name Alon-Bakhut [oak of weeping].

9 After Ya'akov arrived from Paddan-Aram, God appeared to him again and blessed him.

10 God said to him, "Your name is Ya'akov, but you will be called Ya'akov no longer; your name will be Isra'el."Thus he named him Isra'el.

11 God further said to him, "I am El Shaddai. Be fruitful and multiply. A nation, indeed a group of nations, will come from you; kings will be descended from you.

12 Moreover, the land which I gave to Avraham and Yitz'chak I will give to you, and I will give the land to your descendants after you."

13 Then God went up from him there where he had spoken with him.

14 Ya'akov set up a standing-stone in the place where he had spoken with him, a stone pillar. Then he poured out a drink offering on it and poured oil on it.

15 Ya'akov called the place where God spoke with him Beit-El.

16 Then they traveled on from Beit-El, and while there was still some distance to go before arriving in Efrat, Rachel went into labor, and she had great difficulty with it.

17 While she was undergoing this hard labor, the midwife said to her, "Don't worry, this is also a son for you."

18 But she died in childbirth. As she was dying she named her son Ben-Oni [son of my grief], but his father called him Binyamin [son of the right hand, son of the south].

19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Efrat (that is, Beit-Lechem).

20 Ya'akov set up a standing-stone on her grave; it is the stand-ing-stone of Rachel's grave to this day.

21 Isra'el continued his travels and pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal-'Eder.

22 It was while Isra'el was living in that land that Re'uven went and slept with Bilhah his father's concubine, and Isra'el heard about it. Ya'akov had twelve sons.

23 The sons of Le'ah were Re'uven Ya'akov's firstborn, Shim'on, Levi, Y'hudah, Yissakhar and Z'vulun.

24 The sons of Rachel were Yosef and Binyamin.

25 The sons of Bilhah Rachel's slave-girl were Dan and Naftali.

26 And the sons of Zilpah Le'ah's slave-girl were Gad and Asher. These were Ya'akov's sons, born to him in Paddan-Aram.

27 Ya'akov came home to his father Yitz'chak at Mamre, near Kiryat-Arba (also known as Hevron), where Avraham and Yitz'chak had lived as foreigners.

28 Yitz'chak lived to be 180 years old.

29 Then he breathed his last, died and was gathered to his people, an old man full of years; and his sons 'Esav and Ya'akov buried him.

1 This is the genealogy of 'Esav (that is, Edom).

2 'Esav chose Kena'ani women as his wives: 'Adah the daughter of Eilon the Hitti; Oholivamah the daughter of 'Anah the daughter of Tziv'on the Hivi;

3 and Basmat Yishma'el's daughter, sister of N'vayot.

4 'Adah bore to 'Esav Elifaz, Basmat bore Re'u'el,

5 and Oholivamah bore Ye'ush, Ya'lam and Korach. These were the sons of 'Esav born to him in the land of Kena'an.

6 'Esav took his wives, his sons and daughters, the others in his household, his cattle and other animals and everything else he owned, which he had acquired in the land of Kena'an, and went off to a country distant from his brother Ya'akov.

7 For their possessions had become too great for them to live together, and the countryside through which they were traveling couldn't support so much livestock.

8 So 'Esav lived in the hill-country of Se'ir. ('Esav is Edom.)

9 This is the genealogy of 'Esav the father of Edom in the hill-country of Se'ir.

10 The names of 'Esav's sons were Elifaz, son of 'Adah the wife of 'Esav, and Re'u'el the son of Basmat the wife of 'Esav.

11 The sons of Elifaz were Teman, Omar, Tzefo, Ga'tam and K'naz.

12 Timnah was the concubine of Elifaz 'Esav's son, and she bore to Elifaz 'Amalek. These were the descendants of 'Adah 'Esav's wife.

13 The sons of Re'u'el were Nachat, Zerach, Shammah and Mizah. These were the sons of Basmat 'Esav's wife.

14 These were the sons of Oholivamah, the daughter of 'Anah the daughter of Tziv'on, 'Esav's wife: she bore to 'Esav Ye'ush, Ya'lam and Korach.

15 The chieftains of the sons of 'Esav were the sons of Elifaz the firstborn of 'Esav and the chieftains of Teman, Omar, Tzefo, K'naz,

16 Korach, Ga'tam and 'Amalek. These were the chieftains descended from Elifaz in Edom and from 'Adah.

17 The sons of Re'u'el 'Esav's son were the chieftains of Nachat, Zerach, Shammah and Mizah. These were the chieftains descended from Re'u'el in the land of Edom and from Basmat 'Esav's wife.

18 The sons of Oholivamah 'Esav's wife were the chieftains of Ye'ush, Ya'lam and Korach. These were the chieftains descended from Oholivamah the daughter of 'Anah, 'Esav's wife.

19 These were the descendants of 'Esav (that is, Edom), and these were their chieftains.

20 These were the descendants of Se'ir the Hori, the local inhabitants: Lotan, Shoval, Tziv'on, 'Anah,

21 Dishon, Etzer and Dishan. They were the chieftains descended from the Hori, the people of Se'ir in the land of Edom.

22 The sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; Lotan's sister was Timnah.

23 The sons of Shoval were 'Alvan, Manachat, 'Eival, Sh'fo and Onam.

24 The sons of Tziv'on were Ayah and 'Anah. This is the 'Anah who found the hot springs in the desert while pasturing his father Tziv'on's donkeys.

25 The children of 'Anah were Dishon and Oholivamah the daughter of 'Anah.

26 The sons of Dishon were Hemdan, Eshban, Yitran and K'ran.

27 The sons of Etzer were Bilhan, Za'avan and 'Akan.

28 The sons of Dishan were 'Utz and Aran.

29 These were the chieftains descended from the Hori: the chieftains of Lotan, Shoval, Tziv'on, 'Anah,

30 Dishon, Etzer and Dishan. They were the chieftains descended from the Hori by their clans in Se'ir.

31 Following are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king had reigned over the people of Isra'el.

32 Bela the son of B'or reigned in Edom; the name of his city was Dinhavah.

33 When Bela died, Yovav the son of Zerach from Botzrah reigned in his place.

34 When Yovav died, Husham from the land of the Temani reigned in his place.

35 When Husham died, Hadad the son of B'dad, who killed Midyan in the field of Mo'av, reigned in his place; the name of his city was 'Avit.

36 When Hadad died, Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place.

37 When Samlah died, Sha'ul of Rechovot-by-the-River reigned in his place.

38 When Sha'ul died, Ba'al-Chanan the son of 'Akhbor reigned in his place.

39 When Ba'al-Chanan died, Hadar reigned in his place; the name of his city was Pa'u; and his wife's name was M'heitav'el the daughter of Matred the daughter of Mei-Zahav.

40 These are the names of the chieftains descended from 'Esav, according to their clans, places and names: the chieftains of Timna, 'Alvah, Y'tet,

41 Oholivamah, Elah, Pinon,

42 Kenaz, Teman, Mivtzar,

43 Magdi'el and 'Iram. These were the chieftains of Edom according to their settlements in the land they owned. This is 'Esav the father of Edom.

1 Ya'akov continued living in the land where his father had lived as a foreigner, the land of Kena'an.

2 Here is the history of Ya'akov. When Yosef was seventeen years old he used to pasture the flock with his brothers, even though he was still a boy. Once when he was with the sons of Bilhah and the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives, he brought a bad report about them to their father.

3 Now Isra'el loved Yosef the most of all his children, because he was the son of his old age; and he made him a long-sleeved robe.

4 When his brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, they began to hate him and reached the point where they couldn't even talk with him in a civil manner.

5 Yosef had a dream which he told his brothers, and that made them hate him all the more.

6 He said to them, "Listen while I tell you about this dream of mine.

7 We were tying up bundles of wheat in the field when suddenly my bundle got up by itself and stood upright; then your bundles came, gathered around mine and prostrated themselves before it."

8 His brothers retorted, "Yes, you will certainly be our king. You'll do a great job of bossing us around!"And they hated him still more for his dreams and for what he said.

9 He had another dream which he told his brothers: "Here, I had another dream, and there were the sun, the moon and eleven stars prostrating themselves before me."

10 He told his father too, as well as his brothers, but his father rebuked him: "What is this dream you have had? Do you really expect me, your mother and your brothers to come and prostrate ourselves before you on the ground?"

11 His brothers were jealous of him, but his father kept the matter in mind.

12 After this, when his brothers had gone to pasture their father's sheep in Sh'khem,

13 Isra'el asked Yosef, "Aren't your brothers pasturing the sheep in Sh'khem? Come, I will send you to them." He answered, "Here I am."

14 He said to him, "Go now, see whether things are going well with your brothers and with the sheep, and bring word back to me." So he sent him away from the Hevron Valley, and he went to Sh'khem,

15 where a man found him wandering around in the countryside. The man asked him, "What are you looking for?"

16 "I'm looking for my brothers," he answered. "Tell me, please, where are they pasturing the sheep?"

17 The man said, "They've left here; because I heard them say, 'Let's go to Dotan.'"Yosef went after his brothers and found them in Dotan.

18 They spotted him in the distance, and before he had arrived where they were, they had already plotted to kill him.

19 They said to each other, "Look, this dreamer is coming!

20 So come now, let's kill him and throw him into one of these water cisterns here. Then we'll say some wild animal devoured him. We'll see then what becomes of his dreams!"

21 But when Re'uven heard this, he saved him from being destroyed by them. He said, "We shouldn't take his life.

22 Don't shed blood," Re'uven added. "Throw him into this cistern here in the wilds, but don't lay hands on him yourselves." He intended to rescue him from them later and restore him to his father.

23 So it was that when Yosef arrived to be with his brothers, they stripped off his robe, the long-sleeved robe he was wearing,

24 and took him and threw him into the cistern (the cistern was empty; without any water in it).

25 Then they sat down to eat their meal; but as they looked up, they saw in front of them a caravan of Yishma'elim coming from Gil'ad, their camels loaded with aromatic gum, healing resin and opium, on their way down to Egypt.

26 Y'hudah said to his brothers, "What advantage is it to us if we kill our brother and cover up his blood?

27 Come, let's sell him to the Yishma'elim, instead of putting him to death with our own hands. After all, he is our brother, our own flesh." His brothers paid attention to him.

28 So when the Midyanim, merchants, passed by, they drew and lifted Yosef up out of the cistern and sold him for half a pound of silver shekels to the Yishma'elim, who took Yosef on to Egypt.

29 Re'uven returned to the cistern, and, upon seeing that Yosef wasn't in it, tore his clothes in mourning.

30 He returned to his brothers and said, "The boy isn't there! Where can I go now?"

31 They took Yosef's robe, killed a male goat and dipped the robe in the blood.

32 Then they sent the long-sleeved robe and brought it to their father, saying, "We found this. Do you know if it's your son's robe or not?"

33 He recognized it and cried, "It's my son's robe! Some wild animal has torn Yosef in pieces and eaten him!"

34 Ya'akov tore his clothes and, putting sackcloth around his waist, mourned his son for many days.

35 Though all his sons and daughters tried to comfort him, he refused all consolation, saying, "No, I will go down to the grave, to my son, mourning." And his father wept for him.

36 In Egypt the Midyanim sold Yosef to Potifar, one of Pharaoh's officials, a captain of the guard.

1 It was at this time that Y'hudah went off from his brothers and settled near a man named Hirah who was an 'Adulami.

2 There Y'hudah saw one of the daughters of a certain Kena'ani whose name was Shua, and he took her and slept with her.

3 She conceived and had a son, whom he named 'Er.

4 She conceived again and had a son, and she called him Onan.

5 Then she conceived yet again and had a son whom she called Shelah; he was in K'ziv when she gave birth to him.

6 Y'hudah took a wife for 'Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

7 But 'Er, Y'hudah's firstborn, was evil from ADONAI's perspective, so ADONAI killed him.

8 Y'hudah said to Onan, "Go and sleep with your brother's wife - perform the duty of a husband's brother to her, and preserve your brother's line of descent."

9 However, Onan knew that the child would not count as his; so whenever he had intercourse with his brother's wife, he spilled the semen on the ground, so as not to give his brother offspring.

10 What he did was evil from ADONAI's perspective, so he killed him too.

11 Then Y'hudah said to Tamar his daughter-in-law, "Stay a widow in your father's house until my son Shelah grows up"; for he thought, "I don't want him to die too, like his brothers." So Tamar went and lived at home with her father.

12 In due time, Shua's daughter, the wife of Y'hudah, died. After Y'hudah had been comforted, he went up to be with his sheep-shearers in Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the 'Adulami.

13 Tamar was told, "Your father-in-law has gone up to Timnah to shear his sheep."

14 So she took off her widow's clothes, completely covered her face with her veil, and sat at the entrance to 'Einayim, which is on the way to Timnah. For she saw that Shelah had grown up, but she still was not being given to him as his wife.

15 When Y'hudah saw her, he thought she was a prostitute, because she had covered her face.

16 So he went over to her where she was sitting and said, not realizing that she was his daughter-in-law, "Come, let me sleep with you." She answered, "What will you pay to sleep with me?"

17 He said, "I will send you a kid from the flock of goats." She said, "Will you also give me something as a guarantee until you send it"

18 He answered, "What should I give you as a guarantee?" She said, "Your seal, with its cord, and the staff you're carrying in your hand." So he gave them to her, then went and slept with her; and she conceived by him.

19 She got up and went away, took off her veil and put on her widow's clothes.

20 Y'hudah sent the kid with his friend the 'Adulami to receive the guarantee items back from the woman, but he couldn't find her.

21 He asked the people near where she had been, "Where is the prostitute who was on the road at 'Einayim?" But they answered,"There hasn't been any prostitute here."

22 So he returned to Y'hudah and said, "I couldn't find her; also the people there said, 'There hasn't been any prostitute here.'"

23 Y'hudah said, "All right, let her keep the things, so that we won't be publicly shamed. I sent the kid, but you didn't find her."

24 About three months later Y'hudah was told, "Tamar your daughter-in-law has been acting like a whore; moreover, she is pregnant as a result of her prostitution."Y'hudah said, "Bring her out, and let her be burned alive!"

25 When she was brought out, she sent this message to her father-in-law: "I am pregnant by the man to whom these things belong. Determine, I beg you, whose these are - the signet, the cords and the staff."

26 Then Y'hudah acknowledged owning them. He said, "She is more righteous than I, because I didn't let her become the wife of my son Shelah." And he never slept with her again.

27 When she went into labor, it became evident that she was going to have twins.

28 As she was in labor, one of them put out his hand; and the midwife took his hand and tied a scarlet thread on it, saying, "This one came out first."

29 But then he withdrew his hand, and his brother came out; so she said, "How did you manage to break out first?"Therefore he was named Peretz [breaking out].

30 Then out came his brother, with the scarlet thread on his hand, and he was given the name Zerach [scarlet].

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